4. Робота над текстом за професійним спрямуванням: Alleviating Poverty – From the Pedagogy of the Individual to the Collective

Based on the educational ideas of Rousseau, Pestalozzi and Fröbel, the German headteacher Friedrich Diesterweg (1790—1866) emphasised the social relevance of pedagogy in fighting social inequalities. For him social pedagogy was "educational action by which one aims to help the poor in society"^[8]. Through the contribution of Diesterweg and other thinkers, such as Friedrich Schleiermacher, pedagogy took on a more social role, one of community education that also occurs in later writers like Paulo Freire and John Dewey^[9]. Although pedagogy was early on concerned with changing social conditions through education – Rousseau is most famous for his Social Contract (1762) – its primary focus had been on the individual and his or her upbringing, which Rousseau had aimed to protect from the negative influences of society. Pedagogic thinkers like Pestalozzi and later on Montessori followed in his tradition of developing a child-centred pedagogy, which was increasingly criticised by an emerging school of thought that promoted a pedagogy focused on the collective, on the community and how to use pedagogic ideas for social betterment – or a social pedagogy, as the German educationalist Karl Mager had written in 1844 for the first time.

[edit] Social Pedagogy

One of the first key thinkers, Paul Natorp, “claimed that all pedagogy should be social, that is, that in the philosophy of education the interaction of educational processes and society must be taken into consideration”,^[5]. His social pedagogic theories were influenced by Plato’s doctrine of ideas, together with Immanuel Kant’s categorical imperative of treating people as subjects in their own rights instead of treating them as means to an end, and Pestalozzi’s method. In the 1920s, with influential educationalists such as Herman Nohl, German social pedagogy was interpreted from a hermeneutical perspective, which acknowledged that an individual’s life and their problems can only be understood through their eyes and in their social context, by understanding how the individual interacts with their social environment. Following World War II and the experiences within National Socialism that exposed the dangers of collective education in the hands of a totalitarian state, social pedagogy “became more critical, revealing a critical attitude towards society and taking the structural factors of society that produce social suffering into consideration”^[5]. Consequently, contemporary social pedagogy in Germany is as a discipline linked more closely to social work and sociology than to psychology. Due to different historical developments and cultural notions, social pedagogy has very different traditions in other countries, although these are connected through the overarching core principles of social pedagogy. And even within one country, there is not the pedagogic approach - within the general discipline pedagogy we can distinguish various approaches. Some of these are named after key thinkers like Fröbel or Montessori who have created a very specific pedagogic concept for the context of their work, while others are termed according to the medium they are utilising, such as adventure, play, circus, music, or theatre pedagogy.

Література:

1. Барановська Т.В. Граматика англійської мови. Збірник вправ: Навч. посібник. Видання друге, виправлене та доповненею – Мова англ., укр. – Київ: ТОВ “ВП Логос-М», 2007. – 384с.

2. Л.В. Мисик, А.Л. Арцишевська, Л.Р. Кузнєцова, Л.Л. Поплавська. Англійська мова. Комунікативний аспект. / За ред. доц. Мисик Л.В. – Підручник. – К.: Атіка, 2000. – 368с.

3. Гужва Т. М. Англійська мова: Розмовні теми: Навч. посіб. Для студентів фак. Інозем. Філології, університетів, ліцеїв, гімназій та коледжів. – Харків: Фоліо, 2005. – 414с.

4. Бессонова І. В. Англійська мова (за професійним спрямуванням). Навчальний посібник для дистанційного навчання. – К.: Університет «Україна», 2005. – 263с.

5. О. Письменная. Английский язык: экология и охрана окружающей среды: - К.: ООО «ИП Логос-М», М.: ООО «Айрис-прес, 2007. – 368с.

Практичне заняття № 2

Тема: . Географічне розташування та політична система України. Київ.

Answer the questions:

1. What is the territory of Ukraine?

2. What place does Ukraine occupy in the world as to its territory?

3. What countries does Ukraine border with?

4. What is the climate of Ukraine?

5. What Ukrainian rivers do you know?

6. What have the Black Sea and navigable rivers promoted in Ukraine?

7. What can you say about the landscape of Ukraine?

8. Why is the geographical position favorable for the development of Ukraine’s industry?

Learn by heart: the national emblems of Ukraine are the coat of arms, the flag, and the seal. The President is the highest official of the Ukrainian state. The only legislative body of Ukraine is the Parliament – The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. Legislative power is exercised by a single-chamber Parliament which comprises 450 deputies. The main function of the Verkhovna Rada is making laws. The cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine is the supreme executive authority. The highest judicial body is the Constitutional Court. Ukraine consists of 24 regions and the Crimean Autonomous Republic. Ukraine has a multy-party system. The Party of Regions and Yulia Tymoshenko’s block enjoyed support of the majority of Ukraine’s population.

1. What are drawn on the walls of Saint Michael’s Cathedral?

2. Who gave money to restore the statue of Saint Michael?

3. Who are the patron saints of Kyiv?

4. What do you know about Desyatinnaya Church? Why was it called so?

5. Where is Andreyevskiy Slope situated and why is it called so?

6. What are the museums of Kyiv?

7. Why do a lot of people gather at Maidan Nezalezhnosti?