New zealand

New Zealand, an independent state and a member of the Commonwealth, is situated south-east of АAustralia. New Zealand is a mountainous country.

The climate in New Zealand is warm and the greater part of the country is well watered. The north of North Island is subtropical but not too hot. The east and north of both islands have a lot of sunny days, but much rain falls on the west coast.

New Zealand has very few native animals. The kiwi, a bird which lives in the forest and does not fly, is found nowhere else in the world. The kiwi is the national emblem of New Zealand.

The country produces goods of different kinds both for its own needs and for export.

The main cities in North Island are Auckland, the largest city and port, and Wellington, the capital. It has been the capital since 1865. New Zealand has rainfalls all the year round. The population of New Zealand is over three million people. New Zealand is a self-governing state and a member of the Commonwealth. The Governor-General represents the King or Queen of England. The Parliament of the country consists of one house only, the House of Representatives. The Prime Minister heads the cabinet.

Words

native

timber

iron ore

cabinet

местный

строевой лес железная руда кабинет министров

Auckland

Окленд

The commonwealth of australia

The Commonwealth of Australia is a self-governing federal state. It is situated in the south-west of the Pacific Ocean. The area of this country is 7,687,000 square kilometres. Australia is the largest island in the world and it is the smallest continent. Nearly twenty million people live in Australia. The capital of the country is Canberra. The city became the capital in 1927. The population of Canberra is about 300,000 people.

Australia is situated in the southern hemisphere and that's why it has summer, when we have winter and it has winter, when we have summer. It is interesting to know, that January is the hottest month in Australia. The climate in the west is very dry and more than half of Australia gets very little rain. In the south-west and east the winds bring rain in winter.

The greatest rivers are the Murray and the Darling. A number of shot rivers flow from the Australian Alps and the Blue Mountains into the Pacific Ocean.

Australia is an industrial country. Australia is one of the most important producers of metals and minerals. Agriculture is the main occupation in Australia.

The country is situated near the ocean. Melbourne, Sidney, Brisbane are the country's main ports.

The Federal Parliament consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The federal government of the country is headed by the Prime Minister, usually the leader of the party, which has the majority in the House of Representatives.

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THE USA

The United States of America is the fourth largest country in the world (after Russia, Canada, and China). It occupies the southern part of North America and stretches from the Pacific to the Atlantic Ocean. It also includes Alaska in the north and Hawaii in the Pacific Ocean. The total area of the country is about nine and a half million square kilometres. The USA borders on Canada in the north and on Mexico in the south. It also has a seaboarder with Russia.

The USA is made up of 50 states and the District of Columbia where the capital of the country, Washington, is situated. The population of the country is about 250 million.

The highest mountains are the Rocky Mountains, the Cordillera, and the Sierra Nevada. The highest peak is Mount McKinley, which is located in Alaska.

America's largest rivers are the Mississippi, the Missouri, the Rio Grande, and the Columbia. The Great Lakes on the border with Canada are the largest and deepest in the USA.

The climate of the country varies greatly. The coldest regions are in the north. The climate of Alaska is arctic. The climate of the central part of the country is continental. The south has subtropical climate. The climate along the Pacific coast is much warmer than that of the Atlantic coast.

The USA is a highly developed industrial country. It is the leading producer of copper and oil and the world’s second producer of iron ore and coal. On the industrial enterprises of the country they produce aircrafts, cars, textiles, radio and television sets, weapon, furniture, and paper.

Though mainly European and African in origin, the Americans are made up from nearly all races and nations, including the Chinese and the native Americans — Indians.

The largest cities are New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Philadelphia, Detroit, San Francisco, and others.

The United States is a federal republic consisting of 50 states, each of which has its own government. The seat of the central (federal) government is Washington, D. C. According to the Constitution of the USA, the powers of the government are divided into 3 branches: the executive, headed by the President, the legislative, exercised by the Congress, and the juridical. The Congress consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives. There are two main political parties in the USA: the Republican and the Democratic.