Blending

Blending is the way of forming new words by joining parts of different words in a new one.

There are 3 main patterns by which blends are formed:

1. initial element of the 1 st stem + the second stem: automaniac = maniac+ automobile

2. the first stem + the final element of the second stem: slimastics= slim+ gymnastics

3. the initial element of the first stem + the final element of the final stem; smog= smoke+fog

Onomatopoeia

Sound is used to name object or actions by reproduction of sounds connected with them.

Semantically they are divided into 3 groups:

1. Sounds produced by human-beings in the process of communication: giggle, whisper, mumble, mutter

2. Sounds produced by natural phenomena: howl, murmur

3. sounds produced by animals: bee-buzzes, bird-twitters, cat- mews, dog-barks, hen- clucks, horse- neighs, lion- roars, pig-grunts, sheep- bleats, snake- hisses

Questions for Self-Control:

1. .What are the productive ways of word-building in English?

2. .What do we mean by derivation?

3. .Give examples of your own to show that affixes have meanings.

4. .What languages served as the main sources of borrowed affixes?

5. .What is the difference between frequency and productivity of affixes?

6. What is meant by conversion? Which categories of parts of speech are affected by conversion?

7. What is understood by composition? Into what groups and subgroups can

compounds he subdivided structurally? What are the two processes of making shortenings?

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