Приложение 1. Чтение математических выражений

538 five hundred (and) thirty-eight

15,000 fifteen thousand

½ one second

¾ three fourths

1½ one and one second

0.2; .2 two tenths; nought point two

0.17 nought point seventeen

1.50 one point five nought

% per cent

1^st first

2^nd second

3^rd third

4^th fourth

No. 1; #1 Number one

a + b a plus b

a – b a minus b

a ± b a plus or minus b

a · b; ab a multiplied by b; a times b; ab

a : b a divided by b

^a/_b a over b; a divided by b

x = y x equals y; x is equal to y

x ≠ y x is not equal to y

x ≡ y x is equivalent to y; x is identical with y

x ≈ y x is approximately equal to y

x ~ y x is proportional to y

x > y x is greater than y

x < y x is less than y

x ≤ y x is equal to or less than y; x is less than or equal to y

x ≥ y x is equal to or greater than y; x is greater than or equal to y

x < y < z y is greater than x but less than z; x is less than y is less than z

x >> y x is substantially greater than y; y is much less than x

7 + 5 = 12

seven plus five equals twelve;

seven plus five is equal to twelve;

seven and five is (= are) twelve;

seven added to five makes twelve

7 – 5 = 2

seven minus five equals two;

five from seven leaves two;

difference between five and seven is two;

seven minus five is equal to two

2 : 50 = 4 : x two is to fifty as four is to x

x² x squared; x (raised) to the power 2

x³ x cubed

x⁴ x to the fourth; x to the power four

xⁿ x to the nth (power); x to the power n

x^-n x to the (power) minus n

(x + y)² x plus y all squared

(x/y)² x over y all squared

A^-1 A inverse; the inverse of A

√x (square) root x; the square root of x

³√x cube root (of) x; third root of x

⁴√x fourth root (of) x

ⁿ√x nth root (of) x

n! n factorial

x_i xi; x subscript i; x suffix i; x sub i

a₃ a third; a suffix three; a sub three

|x| mod x; modulus x

||x|| the norm (or modulus) of x

∑ summation of…

_n

∑ a_i the sum from i equals one to n a_i; the sum as i runs from 1 to n of the a_i

ⁱ⁼¹

Δx delta x; finite difference (increment) of x

Δf(x) delta times function of x; small difference in the function of x

Δx → 0 delta x tends to zero (approaches zero)

n → ∞ n becomes infinite; n tends to infinity

f(x); (x) function of x

f ´(x) f prime x; f dash x; the (first) derivative of f with respect to x

f ´´(x) f double-prime x; f double-dash x; the second derivative of f with respect to x

f ´´´(x) f triple-prime x; f triple-dash x; the third derivative of f with respect to x

f⁽⁴⁾(x) f four x; the fourth derivative of f with respect to x

lim f(x) limit of the function of x

dx differential of x

dy/dx derivative of y with respect to x

d²y/dx² second derivative of y with respect to x

dⁿy/dxⁿ nth derivative of y with respect to x

∂f/∂x₁ the partial (derivative) of f with respect to x₁

∂²f/∂x²₁ the second partial (derivative) of f with respect to x₁

∫ integral of…

_a

∫ integral between the limits a and b

^b

_∞

∫ the integral from zero to infinity

⁰

lim the limit as x approaches zero

^x→0

lim the limit as x approaches zero from above

^x→+0

lim the limit as x approaches zero from below

^x→-0

log; log₁₀ common logarithm; Briggsian logarithm

log_e; ln natural logarithm; hyperbolic logarithm; Naperian logarithm

log_c d the logarithm of d to the base c

log_e y; ln y log y to the base e; log to the base e of y; natural log (of) y

( ) parentheses, round brackets

[ ] (square) brackets

{ } braces

º degree

´ minute

´´ second