Функции и способы перевода указательных местоимений this/these; that/those

Местоимение

Функции в предложении

Способ перевода

Примеры

this/these +

This is an English text-book.

глагол

подлежащее

Это

Это учебник по английскому языку.

'These are my friends.

Это мои друзья.

this/these +

Этот

This text is difficult.

существительное

определение

Эта

Этот текст трудный.

Это

These houses were built last year.

Эти

Эти здания были построены в прошлом году.

that/those + '

Это

That is our Institute.

глагол

подлежащее

Это наш институт.

that/those +

Тот

Do you know that student?

существительное

определение

Та Те

Знаете ли вы того студента?

that/those +

предлог

заменяет су-ществительное

Заменяемым

существитель-ным или не переводится

The Sun's diameter is 109 times that of the Earth.

Диаметр солнца в 109 раз больше диаметра Земли.

1. Those students who failed the exam will have to take it again.

2. This student studies English.

3. These books are for your lesson.

4. The mineral resources of the Antarctic are probably greater than those of the Arctic.

5. The rivers in the north of our country are longer than those in the south.

6. These methods of production are different from those used in this plant.

7. This machine is more powerful than that operating in our laboratory.

8. They will go to the South this summer.

9. The day on Mars is a little longer than that on the Earth.

10. We work at this large watch plant.

11. Who's this? It's our English teacher.

12. At that time I was living with my parents.

13. This company spends time and money on educating people about these new ideas.

14. This is the University we study at.

15. These colleges practise distance teaching.

to fail – провалиться (на экзамене);

resources – ископаемые;

probably – вероятно;

powerful – мощный.

It

подлежащее, дополнение

оно, (она, он)

He saw a letter, it was opened.

Он увидел письмо, оно было распечатано.

его (ее)

He put it into the pocket.

Он положил его в карман.

формальное подлежащее

не переводится

It is warm.

Тепло.

It is difficult to translate this article without a dictionary.

Трудно перевести эту статью без словаря.

формальное дополнение

не переводится

His invention makes it possible to receive better results.

Его изобретение дает возможность получить лучшие результаты (улучшить результаты).

вводное слово

именно; как раз

It was Popov who invented the radio.

(It is that/who)

Именно Попов изобрел радио.

подлежащее

указательное местоимение

это

What is it? It is a diode.

Что это? Это диод.

1. The bus stops near my house. I can see it from the window.

2. What is this? – It is a new device.

3. Where is my watch? – Have you seen it?

4. It's October 15th. It's Saturday. It's 12 o'clock.

5. It’s nice to see you again.

6. I take an interest in physics and spend much time on it.

7. This paper makes it easier to understand this phenomenon. May I take it for some days?

8. How far is to the University? – It is not a long way from the centre of the city.

9. Now it is necessary to know physics and mathematics perfectly well.

10. It will not be difficult to solve the problem.

11. It is reported that experiments are going on successfully.

12. It was Popov and not Marcony who invented the radio.

13. It was yesterday that Nick asked about you.

14. – Hallo, Ann. – Hallo, who is it?

15. I like your dog. It's so pretty.

16. It doesn't matter what he thinks.

17. It is interesting to speak to people in another language.

18. It was Einstein who discovered the proton theoretically.

perfectly – очень ;

successfully – успешно;

pretty – милый, симпа- тичный.