Употребление и перевод времен группы «perfect»

Present

have

+ Participle I

has

Действие, которое закончилось до настоящего момента.

We have repaired the engine.

Мы отремонтировали двигатель.

Действие, которое. закончилось к определенному моменту в прошлом.

I had finished my work by 5 o’clook (before he came).

Я закончил свою работу к 5 часам (прежде чем он пришел).

Действие, которое закончится к определенному моменту в будущем.

They will have finished the test by 10 o’clock.

Они закончат свои испытания к 10 часам.

Perfect

Past

had + Participle I

Future

shall

+ have + Participle I

will

1. He had already finished his work by 6 o'clock, hadn't he?

2. For ages mankind has dreamed of reaching the top of the world, the North Pole.

3. Will you have finished the translation before the end of the lesson? – Yes, we shall.

4. Where had you worked before you entered the University?

5. Since the appearance of this book it has become well known to every engineer and physicist.

6. He has never been to London.

7. The importance of foreign languages has increased now.

8. English has become the principal language of international conferences.

9. We shall have completed our experiments by the end of the week.

10. They had finished to translate the article before he came.

age – век;

to dream – мечтать;

to reach – достигать;

to retire – уйти на пенсию.

to be + причастие

to be asked

to be written

are tested

Indefinite

Present

Past

испытываются

were tested

Future

испытывались

will be tested

будут испытываться

have been tested

New devices

Perfect

Present

Past

(уже) испытаны

had been tested

by our

engineers

Новые приборы

Future

были уже испытаны (раньше)

will have been tested

нашими инженерами

будут испытаны к определенному времени

are being tested

Continuous

Present

Past

испытываются (сейчас)

were being tested

1. For years the problems of atomic energy were being worked at by many scientists of' different countries.

2. Just now a new film is being demonstrated in our Institute club.

3. By 5 o'clock the work will have been done and you will be able to look it through.

4. The Penza Polytechnic was founded in 1943 on the basis of Odessa Industrial Institute.

5. The final 6 months of the college course are spent in preparing graduation projects.

6. Our new hostel has been built this year.

7. The results of his experiment will be discussed at the conference.

8. All the lecturers had been presented before the conference began.

property – свойство;

jointly – совместно;

to repair – ремонтировать.