III Infectious diseases

19/ What are infectious diseases caused by?

Infectious diseases are caused by pathogenic bacteria, germs, viruses, that poison the body.

20/ What is immunity? What types of it do you know?

Immunity may be natural and acquired. Natural immunity to certain infections may be transmitted from parent to offspring.

Acquired immunity may follow a spontaneous attack of disease, the artificial inoculation of a modified virus, vaccine infections of antitoxic and antibacterial sera.

Immunity is the capacity of the body to resist infections.

21/ What infectious diseases do you know?

There are 4 group of infectius diseases:

1) Respiratory disease ( influenza, mumps, chicken-pox)

2) Gastrointestinal disease such as dysentery, cholera

3) Blood infectious such us AIDS, malaria

4) Skin infections - itch, herbs, vineral diseases

22/ How is influenza transmitted?

Influenza is transmitted by droplet spray from nose and throat.

23/ What are the main symptoms of influenza?

There main symptoms of influenza are chills orr chilly sensation and fever; may be generalized aches and pains most pronounced in the respiratory tract.

24/ What complications can influenza cause?

The main complications: pneumonia bronchitis, simislaitis, otitis.

25/ What is the cause of Diphtheria?

Diphtheria is caused by corunebacterium diphtheriae.

26/ What are the symptoms of chicken-pox?

The symptoms of chicken-pox are rush, fever, headacke, meleise.

27/ What complications can Diphtheria cause?

Diphtheria can cause complications such as enlarge lymph glands and neck, edema of the pharynx, obstruction breathing.

28/ How to treat Chicken-pox and Diphtheria?

Diphtheria:

- to take antitoxine (to neutralize diphth. toxins)

- to take antibaiotics (to kill the bacteria)

- fluids to precent dehydration

Chiken-pox:

- antihistamins

- drugs to reduce fever

- drugs to relive itching.

IV aids

29/ What is AIDS?

AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) - is a pathological condition that is characterized by decrease of immune protection.

30/ When was the cause of AIDS found? Whom by?

The diagnosis of AIDS appeared in 1981 in US and 1984 in the USA the cause was finally found. Lucc Montagnier and Robert Gallo discovered a virus they called HIV/Human Immunodeficiency virus.

31/ What does HIV afflict in the human body?

The HIV affects it is target cells, an affected cell begins to produce new generations of virus particles and so the disease spreads.

32/ What strains of HIV do you know?

There two strains: HIV1 and HIV2.

HIV1 is now called a plague of the 20th century.

HIV2 is a less dangerous strain and is typical for western Africa.

33/ How many periods are there in AIDS flow?

There are 6 periods in AIDS flow.

The 1 period is - infatction, 2 period is incubations last 2-3 weeks, 3 period is a so-called acute AIDS, 4 period is - the latent, hidden period {prolong for up 15 years}, 5 period is pre-AIDS, 56 - is AIDS itself -one slowly dies of any cause infarction or invasion.

34/ What are the ways of getting AIDS virus in to human body?

The ways AIDS virus gets into human body are the following.

It can come with infected blood or blood preparations. The else is the sexual way (while any intercourse). Everybody has to be aware of it. The last it the way throught placenta, milk and delivery waters.

35/ What rules should one follow to reduce the risk of being infected with AIDS?

1) to take preventive measures during the sexual relations - to use condons

2) not to use drugs

3) during the blood transfusion and medical procedures it's necessary to use disposable needles and syringes and sterile instruments.