Migraine

Migraine is an aparoxysmal nervous disturbance of which the most constant feature is recurrent attacks of headache, but in the fully developed attack visual and sensory symptoms precede the onset of headache, while sickness accompanies it. Symptoms. On the day preceding an attack the subject may suffer from a vague malaise that warns him of its impending arrival. On the other hand, some declare that immediately prior to the onset they fee! unusually well. In the complete attack there is a sudden onset of visual disturbance.

The headache usually starts in one temple in a restricted area and gradually spreads in extent to the vertex and forehead, and then, crossing the midline, may become a bilateral frontai and bitemporal headache of a throbbing character. Within an hour or two of its appearance, nausea, followed by vomiting, usually, though not invariably, comes on and persists for several hours. The attack carries over to the following day in a few instances, sometimes ending on the day of onset, and in either case leaving the patient exhausted but often hungry.

The frequency of the attacks varies from time to time and from case to case. Under the influence of fatigue or anxiety they may be of almost daily occurrence for weeks at a time, but this is unusual, and the periodicity may vary from weeks to months. Between the attacks the subject enjoys normal health.

While the headache is present, the eyeballs are tender to pressure and sometimes painful on movement, and the sufferer is unduly sensitive to strong light. Diagnosis. In most instances this presents no difficulties. Physical examination, both during and between the attacks, is negative, and the subject enjoys normal health between the attacks. Very rarely a cerebral tumour may produce attacks indistinguishable from those of migraine for months or years before objective physical signs are present. In such a case the headache and the sensory phenomena are constantly referred to the same side, and do not alternate from side to side as in migraine.

Exercise 6. Answer the following questions:

What is migraine?

What is the most constant feature of migraine?

What are the main symptoms of migraine?

How does the frequency of the attack vary?

When does the subject enjoy normal health?

What are the states of eyeballs while the headache is present?

What does physical examination show?

What may a cerebral tumour produce?

Where does the headache usually start?

How long does nausea persist?

Exercise 7. Skim through the text and find sentences with Participles.

Exercise 8. Translate the following sentences . Pay attention to the modal verbs.

The physical symptoms of latex allergies can include hives, blisters, rhinitis and anaphylactic shock which can be fatal.

The type, severity and location of the pain may vary from patient to patient due to the size, location, degree of obstruction caused by stones.

Her neurosis must have resulted from mental overstrain.

Inadequate feeling in infancy can result in a decreased number of brain cells and functional impairment.

In spite of all the measures taken by the doctor, he could not induce respiration in the infant with severe asphyxia.

Exercise 9. Skim through the text and find sentences with modal verbs.translate them.

Exercise 10. Find english equivalents of the following word combinations:

Нервное расстройство, начало головной боли, постоянная особенность, неясное беспокойство, нарушение зрения, пульсирующий характер боли, билатеральная и битемпоральная головная боль, тошнота, рвота, частота приступов, от случая к случаю, под влиянием усталости и беспокойства, болезненный при движении, быть чувствительным к яркому свету, физическое обследование, опухоль.

Exercise 11. Translate the following sentences:

Особенность мигрени - это повторяющиеся приступы головной боли.

При самом приступе происходит нарушение зрения.

Головная боль обычно начинается в одном из висков и постепенно распространяется ко лбу и макушке.

Тошнота, сопровождаемая рвотой, сохраняется в течение нескольких часов.

Частота приступов колеблется от случая к случаю.

Человек чувствует себя хорошо между приступами.

Глазные яблоки болят при движении.

Exercise 12. Give a brief survey of the text.

Exercise 13. Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions translate the sentences.

Weak contraction ... the diaphragm results ... the shallow respiration ... the newborn.

The patient's sensitivity ... penicillin should be studied ... the treatment is begun.

The findings ... the intradermal tests proved ... great diagnostic importance.

All infectious diseases are similar... origin.

... the most severe attacks ... bronchial asthma hormonotherapy may be used.

Most patients died ... pulmanory or cardiac failure ... five years.

Exercise 14. Translate the following sentences into russian paying attention to the word "time ".

Time 1) время ; 2) раз

At a time - одновременно

For the first time - впервые

It is time - пора

From time to time - время от времени

In (on) time - вовремя

Ho:" много времени "("долго") = long

1. For the first time influenza virus was isolated in 1934.

2. It was time to operate.

3. From time to time doctors receive journals from America.

4. 500 patients are treated at a time at the hospital.

5. About this time the professor came to work at the hospital.

6. I want to be at the conference next time.

7. Next time he wants to be in time.

TEST

1. The most constant feature of migraine is ... .

a. normal health

b. low arterial pressure

с. recurrent attacks of headache

d. stenocardia

e. pathologic process

2. ... the day preceding an attack the subject suffer... a vague malaise.

a. in, from

b. of, of

с on ,of

d. on, for

e. on, from

3. In the ... attack there is a sudden onset of visual disturbance.

a. partial

b. complete

c. same

d. full

e. other

4. The headache usually starts in one ....

a. neck

b. heart

с temple

d. back

e. abdomen

5. The headache may become bilateral one of... .

a. painful character

b. acute character

c. severe character

d. unbearable character

e. throbbing character

6. Nausea persists ... several hours.

a. for

b. of

с. in

d. through

e. under

7. The frequency of the attacks ... from time to time.

a. persists

b. pass

c. varies

d. follows

e. occur

8. The sufferer is unduly ... to strong light.

a. impossible

b. sensitive

с. sudden

d. constant

e. alone

9. Migraine is an ... disturbance.

a. alimentary

b. cardiac

с circulatory

d. nervous

e. urinary

10. The periodicity ... vary from weeks to months.

a. may

b. can с. must

d. need

e. should

11. The subject... normal health between the attacks.

a. fee!

b. is present с. enjoy

d. vary

e. enjoys

12. A vague ... warns of the impending arrivai of migraine.

a. nausea

b. malaise

с. heartburn

d. vertigo

e. vomiting

13. ... most instances the diagnosis presents no difficulties.

a. during

b. on

с. with

d. in

e. from

14. Rarely (Anton.)

a. often

b. constantly

c. usually

d. especially

e. commonly

15. Onset of the headache (Syn )

a. attack

b. disturbance

с. lesion

d. beginning

e. distress

16. Phenomena (Singular)

a. phenomen

b. phenomene

с. phenomenae

d. phenomenas

e. phenomenon

17. To suffer...

a. for

b. of

c. from

d. in

e. within

18. ... the day ... onset

a. on, of

b. in, of

c. of, on

d. for, on

e. of, for

19. Sign (Syn)

a. datum

b. symptom

с. finding

d. phenomenon

e. indicator

20... side ... side

a. of, for

b. to, for

c. in, for

d. from, in

e. from, to

24. N E U R O S E S

PRE-TEXT ASSIGNMENTS.

Exercise 1. Practice the pronunciation

Overexcitation [ouv eksi teijn], diversified [dai v :sifaid], hysteria [his ti ri ], anxiety [ en zai ti], pyromania [pai r ɔ meini ].

Exercise2. Topic vocabulary

to disrupt brain activity- нарушать активносгь мозга

overexcitation - черезмерное возбуждение

the inborn traits of the brain cortex- врожденные особенности коры головного мозга.

unbalanced- неустойчивый (о психике), неуравновешенный (человек).

incompetent - неспособный

to diversify- разнообразить

anxiety- боязнь, тревога, опасение.

nervous activity failure- расстройство нервной деятельности.

accident neurosis (post-traumatic, shell-shock) - коммоционный (травматический) невроз.

war (battle) neurosis- невроз военного времени

obsessive- compulsive disorder - невроз навязчивых состояний.

Exercise 3. Match the following English word combinations with the Russian ones:

psychoneurotic disorders 1. быстрые реакции

unfavourable agents 2. меняющиеся условия

psychic conditions 3. психоневротические расстройства

rapid reactions 4. психические состояния

changing conditions 5. неблагоприятные факты

Exercise 4. Translate the following words.

Analyse them from the view point of their structure, find term- elements:

Neuralgic, neuralgiform, nervosism, neurectomy, retinoblastoma, myeloblastoma, microorganism, microscopy, microcephaly, macrocyte, macroscopic, macromelia, erythrocyte, leukocyte.

Exercise 5. Translate the following word combinations. Pay attention to the meaning and function of the-ing form:

Changing conditions, precipitating causes, increasing prevalence, existing genetic material, understanding the implication, crossing the river, anticipating factors, surrounding tissues, close reading, psychotraumatizing factors.

Exercise 6. Read and translate the text: