Unit 4

Тема: Робототехника

Грамматика:

1. Схемы образования вопросительных и отрицательных предложений во временах Indefinite.

2. Порядок слов в вопросительном английском предложении.

3. Причастия Participle I, Participle II.

4. Модальные глаголы.

5. Местоимения “some, any, no” и их производные.

6. Суффиксы существительных и прилагательных.

Повторение:

1. Глагол to be (There is / There are).

2. Глагол to have.

3. The Indefinite Tenses.

4. Грамматический разбор предложения.

Тексты:

1. Robotics

2. Technical Parameters of Robots

Лексика

	area	область, зона
	artificial	искусственный
	attachment	прикрепление
	axis (pl. axes)	ось
	because because of	потому что; из-за
	casting	литье
	cell	ячейка
	chain	цепь
	core	сердечник
	currently	в настоящее время, на данный момент
	dangerous	опасный
	degree	степень
	die	форма, матрица
	direct	прямой, непосредственный
	drive	привод
	error	ошибка
	exploration	исследование
	gear	зубчатая передача, шестеренка
	goods	товары
	job	работа
	like	наподобие; как
	load payload	нагрузка полезная нагрузка
	plane	плоскость
	point	точка
	purpose	цель
	space	пространство
	to accomplish	выполнять, завершать
	to attempt attempt	пытаться; попытка
	to carry	нести
	to concern	касаться, иметь отношение
	to create	создавать
	to determine	определять, устанавливать
	to employ	применять
	to join joint	соединять; соединение
	to mean means	значить, означать; средства
	to mention	упоминать
	to paint painting	красить; зд. окраска
	to pick	взять
	to place place	положить; место
	to reach	достигать
	to require	требовать
	to resemble	быть похожим, напоминать
	to understand	понимать
	to weld welding	сваривать; зд. сварка
	various	различный
	weaponry	вооружение
	widespread	широко распространенный

I. Вспомните, как переводятся следующие слова:

to go; to talk; to tell; to play; play; player; to write; writer; to help; helper; story; arm; hand; hot.

II. Прочитайте и переведите слова, не пользуясь словарем. Обратите внимание на их произношение:

acceleration; accuracy; accurately; action; active; activity; actual; actuator; address; amplitude; animal; aspect; automatically; autonomous; bit; chemicals; colleague; commercial; continuous; direction; distance; electricity; gas; general; history; hydraulic; industry; inspection; joystick; kinematics; laboratory; liquid; magnetic; manipulator; mass; maximum; mechanics; metal; motor; mouse click; multi-; orientation; patient; piano; parameter; pneumatic; position; production; programmed; real; region; reprogrammable; safety; section; signal; spray; special; technical; structure; temperature; testing; typical; transport; to analyze; to check; to command; to compress; to focus; to install; to lift; to limit; to mimic; to operate; to publish; to specify; universal; word.

III. Прочитайте, переведите и попытайтесь запомнить следующие слова:

• существительные

area; attachment; attempt; axis (pl. axes); casting; cell; chain; core; degree; die; drive; error; exploration; gear; goods; job; joint; means; painting; place; plane; payload; point; purpose; space; weaponry; welding;

• прилагательные

artificial; dangerous; direct; multipurpose; various; widespread;

• глаголы

to attempt; to accomplish; to carry; to concern; to create; to determine; to employ; to join; to mean; to mention; to paint; to pick; to place; to reach; to require; to resemble; to understand; to weld.

• наречия

currently; directly; like.

IV. Переведите следующие словосочетания на русский язык:

a) a set of instructions; the ability of extreme decentralization of information and data; typical applications of robots; investigations into new types of robots; a number of discrete voltage levels; a little amount of different instructions; an active area of research; stories of artificial helpers; mass production of consumer and industrial goods; a high degree of accuracy;

b) a computer data storage system; the e-mail attachments; the World Wide Web; local-area networks and wide-area networks; magnetic core memory; the Input-Output equipment; integrated circuit technology; fiber-optic cables; VLSI circuits; laboratory research; space exploration; the first digitally operated and programmable robot; hot metal castings; a die casting machine; pneumatic or hydraulics means; special programmed routines;

c) a computer's memory; a quarter of Earth's population; the robot’s movement, acceleration and speed; “Rossum's Universal Robots”; the robot’s drive system.

Повторение

V. Вместо пропусков вставьте нужную форму глаголов “to be” или “to have” во времени Present Indefinite. Задайте вопрос, дайте отрицательный ответ:

1. Memory … a computer data storage system and one of the fundamental components of all modern computers. 2. A computer's memory … a set of cells with numbers. 3. There … pictures, documents and other files in the e-mail attachments. 4. A computer … a machine that manipulates data according to a set of instructions. 5. The World Wide Web … the ability of extreme decentralization of information and data. 6. There … two basic network types (local-area networks and wide-area networks).

VI. Вместо пропусков вставьте нужную форму глаголов “to be” или “to have” во времени Past Indefinite. Задайте вопрос, дайте отрицательный ответ:

1. The first computers … the size of a large room and consumed much power. 2. Throughout the 1960s the computers … magnetic core memory. 3. In 2008, there … about 600 million people in the world wide web and in 2009, a quarter of Earth's population … the services of the Internet. 4. The transistor … the potential to work faster and more reliably and to consume much less power than a vacuum tube.

VII. Вместо пропусков вставьте нужную форму глаголов “to be” или “to have” во времени Future Indefinite. Задайте вопрос, дайте отрицательный ответ:

1. The main language for communication on the Internet … English. 2. Modern computers … billions or even trillions of bytes of memory. 3. There … computers small enough to build into a watch, which … a watch battery as a source of power. 4. Supercomputers in particular … highly unique architectures.

VIII. Прочитайте предложения. Инфинитив в скобках сначала поставьте во время Present Indefinite, предложения переведите. То же самое сделайте для времен Past and Future Indefinite:

1. Electronics (to use) of the motion of electrons through different media and vacuum. 2. Computers (to consist) of two major elements: Hardware and Software. 3. The Internet (to provide) not only answers to different questions but hours of chat and games. 4. Those computers (to use) vacuum tubes and electric relays. 5. The Input-Output equipment (to refer) to the communication between an information processing system and the outside world. 6. Common input devices (to include) keyboards and optical scanners.

IX. Сделайте грамматический разбор английских предложений:

а) 1. In the 1970s integrated circuit technology decreased size and cost of computers. 2. In some human activity technology will be the beginning of new stages in science and engineering.

б) 1. An amplifier is any device that changes, usually increases, the amplitude of a signal. 2. The Internet is the worldwide network that connects millions of computers together via fiber-optic cables and other telecommunications channels.