- •Britain Overview. National Symbols.
- •Exercises
- •Государственный флаг Британии.
- •Monarchy
- •Vocabulary
- •Opposition
- •Vocabulary
- •British Parliament. Legislative Power
- •The House of Commons
- •Vocabulary
- •The Chamber of the House of Lords
- •The House of Lords
- •Vocabulary
- •Political Parties
- •Exercises
- •Британский парламент
- •Exercises
- •Words and expressions to be used:
- •Appendix Listening Text 1
- •Listening Text 2
- •Listening Text 3
- •Listening Text 4
- •References:
Vocabulary
constitutional |
["kOnstI'tjHSqnl] |
конституционный |
monarchy |
['mOnqkI] |
монархия |
parliament |
['pRlqmqnt] |
парламент |
executive |
[Ig'zekjutIv] |
исполнительный |
legislature |
['ledZIsleICq] |
законодательная власть |
judiciary |
[dZu(:)'dISIqn] |
судебная власть |
commander-in-chief |
[kq'mRnd(q)rIn'CJf] |
главнокомандующий |
supreme |
[sju(:)'prJm] |
верховный, высший |
government |
['gAvnmqnt] |
правительство |
to reign |
[reIn] |
царствовать |
charities |
['CxrItIz] |
благотворительные учреждения, общества |
Church of England |
|
англиканская церковь |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Government. Executive Power
The supreme executive power in Britain belongs to the Sovereign and the Government. Every five years a general election is held and the party which wins most seats in it forms the Government. By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed Prime Minister, the head of
the government. The Prime Minister usually takes policy decisions with the agreement of his Cabinet (a committee of leading ministers). The Cabinet Ministers introduce legislation, control finances, arrange the time-table of the Houses of Parliament, conduct foreign affairs, exercise supervision over every department of administration.
The Cabinet meets in private at number 10, Downing Street, the official residence of the British Prime Minister, and these proceedings are strictly confidential.
The Cabinet is constitutionally responsible to Parliament and can be forced to resign. No bill which a minister may prepare can become law until it is passed by an Act of Parliament.
Opposition
The party with the second largest number of members in the Parliament, or sometimes a combination of other parties, forms the official Opposition, and the Leader of the Opposition has a recognized post in the Houses of Parliament and receives a salary out of the state funds. He forms the so-called Shadow Cabinet, an alternative government. The aim of the Opposition and its Shadow Cabinet is to criticize government policies and to present an alternative programme.
Vocabulary
Sovereign |
['sOvrIn] |
монарх |
general election |
[I'lekS(q)n] |
всеобщие выборы |
majority |
[mq'dZOrItI] |
большинство |
to appoint |
[q'pOInt] |
назначать |
Prime Minister |
['praIm 'mInIstq] |
премьер-министр |
finances |
['faI'nxnsIz] |
финансы |
to conduct |
['kOndAkt] |
вести |
to exercise |
['eksqsaIz] |
осуществлять |
to resign |
[rI'zaIn] |
уходить в отставку |