- •1.1. Read the text and find the word equivalent to «scientific method». Scientific меthod and меthods of sciense
- •1.2. Remember some of the verbs followed by a preposition which, is retained in the passive structure.
- •1.3. Try to evaluate a method (technique or procedure) using the words given below.
- •1.4. Translate into Russian.
- •1.5. Compose sentences using the parts in a, b, c.
- •1.6. Name a familiar method, technique or procedure of which you would say that it:
- •1.11. Make statements about problems which in your opinion are difficult to solve, to present or to discuss. Use the following phrases.
- •1.12. Name some problems that can be regarded as:
- •2.1. Read the text and say how the author increase the accuracy of his results.
- •2.2. Remember the following combinations and their equivalents.
- •2.3. Translate into Russian the following sentences.
- •2.4. Give all possible word combinations which go with data (results, findings). Use the words listed bеlоw.
- •2.5. Compose sentences using the parts in a, b, c.
- •Our preliminary results All these data
- •2.6. Make the following sentences complete.
- •2.7. Translate into Russian and identify the predicate.
- •2.8. Use the words listed below to evaluate study (investigation, research).
- •2.9. Make up sentences using a-patterns in combination with b-phrases numbered below.
- •2.10. Complete the following sentences.
- •2.11. Nаme some studies (researches, investigations) or a particular study (research) of which you would say:
- •3.1. Read the text and explain when a hypothesis becomes a principle of science.
- •Рurе and applied science
- •3.2. Substitute the proper English words from the list below for the Russian words in brackets.
- •3.3. Remember the words which are most frequently used with theory and hypothesis.
- •3.5. Translate into Russian.
- •3.6. Compose sentences indicating the time a theory (a hypothesis) was advanced. Use the parts in a, в, с.
- •3.7.Complete the following sentences
- •3.8. Name some theories which are no longer used nowadays as incorrect, inadequate or invalid, also show where the theory is wrong or why it is invalid.
- •3.9. Make use of the adjectives given below to characterize work.
- •3.10. Use the parts in а, в, с to compose sentences evaluating the work done.
- •3.11. Translate the following sentences stating the purpose of the work into Russian.
- •3.12. State the subject of:
- •4.1. Read the text and state the objective of mathematics. Mathematization of natural sciences
- •4.2. Remember the words given below which are used to evaluate.
- •Information
- •4.3. Translate into Russian.
- •4.4. Complete the following sentences.
- •4.5. Write a detailed account of all the available information on your problem, mentioning also the information that is still needed.
- •4.6. Make up pairs of words using adjectives given below as attributes to the word "evidence".
- •4.7. Translate the following. Choose all the sentences showing lack of evidence.
- •4.8. Use the parts in а, в, с to compose sentences showing what the evidence obtained, suggests.
- •The evidence obtained from recent studies in this area
- •4.9.Complete the following sentences:
- •4.10. Characterize and give a possible interpretation of:
- •5.1. Read the text and give a Russian equivalent of the title. Scientific attitude
- •5.2. Distinguish between the following structures. Translate into Russian.
- •5.3. Try to evaluate an experiment using the words given below.
- •5.4.Translate the following sentences into Russian.
- •Further experiments of this kind were
- •5.6.Complete the following sentences.
- •5.7.Speak of your resent experiments starting what they have demonstrated, also, the conclusions you have made.
- •5.8. Characterize briefly pioneer experiments in your field of research.
1.6. Name a familiar method, technique or procedure of which you would say that it:
a) ... allows ... (observation, evaluation, determination, etc.);
b) ... allows (enables) us to ... (compare, detect, identify, etc.);
c) ... makes it possible to ... (evaluate, examine, measure, etc.);
d) ... is capable of ... (providing, producing, revealing, etc.);
e) ... has one (several) advantage(s) over…;
f) ... has many applications in ...;
g) ... fails to ... (detect, reveal, provide, etc.);
h) ... is rather ineffective because of its (relatively) small sensitivity.
1.7. Give a description of the technique and the experimental procedure you have followed in your studies of ... This is meant as part of a paper, to be presented at a conference or of an article supposed to be published in one of the journals. Use one of the patterns below to introduce the passage.
a) The experimental procedure we followed is like this;
b) The technique the author has used in the above studies is as follows;
c) The technique of these experiments can be briefly outlined as follows;
d) The above technique can briefly be outlined as follows.
1.8. Translate the following words which are used to characterize this or that PROBLEM.
Basic, chief, main, major; fundamental, essential, important; broad, vast; minor; specific, highly-specific, peculiar.
Difficult, challenging, complex, complicated, involved, intricate; confusing, puzzling; obscure, vague.
Attractive, exciting, fascinating, interesting, intriguing, temping.
1.9. Complete the following sentences.
which deals with the nature of ...
relating to the influence of ...
bearing on the measurement of ...
This is a problem dealing with the role of ...
concerned with the effects of ...
which bears on the activity of ...
1.10. Translate into Russian the following sentences.
a) It seems impossible to obtain knowledge of the problem in the near future.
b) The problem under discussion presents considerable difficulties.
c) The problem you mention here is not too complicated to discuss in detail.
d) The problem, аз follows from the presentation, is how to isolate these components.
e) Since then the problem has been referred to in a number of investigations,
f) The problem you have just outlined lies within the scope of the given research.
1.11. Make statements about problems which in your opinion are difficult to solve, to present or to discuss. Use the following phrases.
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... involves considerable difficulties which, I think, cannot be soon overcome because...
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... presents tremendous difficulties which are not easy to overcome in view of...
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... seems too difficult to discuss it in detail. There are many aspects and each one is...
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... is too broad to formulate in precise terms because...
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... seems too specific and too complicated to present it in all its complexity. We had better concentrate on...
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... Much further research is needed to elucidate...
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...is not easy to investigate with the existing techniques. Scientists cannot possibly solve it too soon because...