Vocabulary Exercises

Ex. 1. Which words can you derive from the following:

appoint identify supervise initiate assist interfere just complain believe

obscure treat ignore flexible require lead affect effect top

Ex.2. Complete the following sentences using a word derivationally related to the word given in brackets:

1. Any organisation is a system of roles in which rights and obligations of each employee are clearly … . (identification)

2. Political executives are political … in most cases. (appointment)

3. This is the political executive who … , shapes, promotes, and oversees policy changes. (initiative)

4. The work of professionals … considerable autonomy and … . (requirement, flexible)

5. Nonprofessionals are evaluated by their immediate … , while the work of professionals is evaluated by peer review of their colleagues. (supervision)

6. People often … that public bureaucrats … them like a number and … unique problems and circumstances. (complaint, treatment, ignorance)

7. Street-level bureaucrats … can affect their work with clients. (believe)

8. The role of policy entrepreneurs … strategic planning, political activism, and conceptual … . (requirement, lead)

Ex.3. Match the words to their definitions:

appoint complain treat supervise initiate assist interfere ignore bottom, n flexible top, n demand, v

to help to deal with to give someone job as… to grumble because something is wrong to start something going to watch over work, to see that it is well done not to notice (on purpose) to meddle, to get involved to ask insistently for something highest point lowest point adaptable

Ex. 4. What's the English for:

требовать (что-либо от кого-либо назначать на должность приступать (к чему-либо), вводить в курс дела помогать, содействовать кому-либо вмешиваться, быть помехой

гибкий, легко приспосабливаемый жаловаться на что-либо главный, ведущий нижний, последний вести себя по отношению к кому-либо/чему-либо перенапряжение ведущая роль

Ex. 5. Translate into English:

1. Права и обязанности сотрудников организации всегда четко определены.

2. Эффективность работы организации, в первую очередь, зависит от персонала, его профессионализма и гибкости.

3. Как правило, каждый сотрудник выполняет не одну, а несколько ролей в организации.

4. Организация представляет собой иерархию, на которой располагаются определенные должностные лица и сотрудники.

5. Часто люди жалуются, что бюрократы в государственных организациях не принимают во внимание их проблемы и обстоятельства.

6. Юрист может отказаться в такой ситуации, когда ему придется отменить назначенную встречу с клиентом из-за болезни ребенка.

Ex.6. Make up situations using the following words and word combinations:

A to perform a role source of stress and overload to demand appointment to neglect to identify (rights and obligations) top bottom

В to require (individual attention) to complain to treat to ignore (problems) supervision flexible public private

B. Pre-reading Exercises

Ex. 1. Look at the heading of the text and predict the contents of it.

Ex. 2. Name some words and phrases you know related to the problem under discussion.

Ex. 3. Guess the meaning of the following words and word combinations:

role-type, role conflict, desktop administrator, to require leadership, to be given limited resources, consensus, charismatic leader, to step into a role, source of stress, to balance expectations.

Ex. 4. Give your own definitions of 'public administration personnel', 'role-types' and 'role conflicts'.

Ex. 5. Answer the following questions:

1. Each employee in an organization performs a definite role. What is a role? Can an organization be viewed as a system of roles? Why?

2. An organization is viewed as a hierarchy, isn't it? Who is at the top of it? Who is at the bottom and in the middle of it?

3. What is the most general description of a bureaucrat?

4. What is a top-level administrator?

5. What is a civil servant?

C. Reading

Ex. 1. Read the text for general information to complete the following statements:

1. The text deals with the problem of …

2. The text views a public organization as a system of specific roles, role-types, the most common of which are …

3. The role of a policy entrepreneur requires …