9. Texting and the future of the language(сказать о вымирающих языках)

Recently a Scottish teenager wrote her English exam in text language. Should she be allowed to do that? SMS is on the increase but is it sending the right message to young people and teachers? Some teachers believe that SMS is having a negative effect on young people’s literacy skills. They say that texting is preventing young people from writing property. Because texting is fast and users have to be brief, good grammar, spelling and sentence structure is forgotten. As a result, young SMS users are not able to write correct English. Other teachers, however, say that young people should be permitted to express themselves and that texting is just a modern means of communication. Teachers who want to ban it are «old-fashioned».a lot of teachers and lecturers refer to the story of the teenager who wrote an entire English essay in text language.

Languages come and go, and thousands have done exactly that without leaving and trace. Only a very few – Basque, Greek and Latin among them –have lasted more than 2000 years. But it seems that the pace of their disappearance is becoming quicker. If very few people speak a language, it will probably die out. Language may be lost through migration, as people move from small rural communities to urban centers, or when environments are destroyed by the search for oil or wood. Natural disasters can also devastate populations and along with them their languages. Governments also play a role in the extinction of languages. The need to establish official languages for a country to educate its children conduct its political affairs and carry out its business, had a disastrous effect on many small languages. Some people argue that languages die as the human race evolves. Obviously there could be great benefits if everyone in the world spoke the same language –some industries already reflect this, with English essential for pilots and air traffic controllers. But there are more important things than convenience. As languages are lost, whole ways of life and knowledge may be lost along them.

10. Advertising and children

Today are becoming interested in children as it turned out they influence about 50 % of things that families buy that’s why they are an attractive target for advertisers. Advertisers can reach their aim in different ways. They can show an ad many times during school holidays, they can make TV commercials louder that the programmes to attract attention or they can sponsor programmes and show their commercials just before the program begins. Advertisements which are aimed at children are short imaginative and often in the form of animated cartoons. Children love the ads and watch them in the same way as any entertainment programme. The most worrying thing is that children do not think carefully when they see TV advertisements. They are less critical than their parents and don’t usually realize that the advertisement has a persuasive message to encourage them or parents to spend much more money as possible on the product or service

Moreover, many advertisements promote food which is a lot higher in fat, salt and sugar than healthier alternatives. Many companies target children with offers of free toys or models of cartoon characters. In some countries there are a lot more advertisements during children’s TV for food than any other type of product and these are mainly for confectionary (кондитерская) sweetened (подслащивать) breakfast cereals and fast food restaurants. Government approaches to controlling advertising to children. In Sweden TV advertising to children under the age of 12 is banned. Greece bans TV advertisements for children toys between 7 a.m and 10 p.m. However countries such as Germany, France and Britain prefer self regulation considering that television industry should regulate itself and bring out a code of good conduct ( кодекс поведения). Some countries don’t consider that advertising is so harmful. The French argue that children need to see many advertisements so that they can develop the ability to think as they grow up. The belief that advertising will help children to be more aware (знающий) of its persuasive power