Irregular verbs

Most verbs in English are regular but some of the most common verbs in English are irregular. The forms here are the infinitive (go, come), the past simple (went, came) and the past participle (gone, come).

	A All forms the same
	cost cost cost
	cut /kAt/ cut cut
	hurt hurt hurt
	let let let
	ut /pot/ ut ut
	shut /JAt/ shut shut
B Two different forms
beat beat beaten
become became become
bring brought brought
bu bou ht bought
catch cau ht cau ht
come came come
feel felt felt
fi ht fou ht fought
find found found
et ot ot
have had had
hear heard heard
kee		ke t kept
leave left left
learn learnt learnt
lose lost lost
make made made
meet met met
a aid /peld/ aid
read /ri:d/ read /red/ read /red/
run ran run
say said /sed/ said
sell sold sold
shine shone shone
shoot shot shot
sit sat sat
Slee		sle t sle t
s end s ent spent
stand stood stood
teach tau ht tau ht
tell told told
think thou ht thought
will won won
understand understood understood

Tip When
	you learn a new irregular verb, add it to one of the groups of verbs on these pages.

C Three different forms

be was / were been

be in be an be un

break broke broken

choose chose chosen

do did done

drink drank drunk

drive drove driven

eat ate eaten

fall fell fallen

flew flown

for et for ot for otten

Ive ave Iven

o went gone

know knew known

ride rode ridden

rise rose risen

san sung

s eak s Oke s Oken

steal stole stolen

swim swam swum

take took taken

throw threw thrown

wake woke woken

wear wore worn

write wrote written

How to learn vocabulary

To learn a lot of vocabulary, you have to do different things.

1. Study each unit of the book carefully and do all the exercises. Check your answers with your teacher. Repeat the units after a month, and then again after three months, and see how much you have learnt and how much you have forgotten. Repeating work is very important.

2. Keep a vocabulary notebook. Students who regularly make notes in a separate notebook often do better in tests and examinations than students who do not keep a notebook.

3. Use different ways of recording things in your notebook. For example, every time you see or hear an interesting phrase, write it in your notebook, and write who said it or wrote it, and in what situation, as well as what it means. Here are some examples:

ready. (person at the door of a thea±re, to au the people wadng) (Hwve gour tickets ready, please!' hcve gour ticket in your hcnd else: (person in a restaurant) (Would gou like angÐ11.ng else?) = more or addition or dufferenb rush hour: (person who is about to Leave home for work) (I)m going early so Ð'ICE I mLss the rush hour) = the times vohen there are Lobs of people Era-yelling work the morning or when people axe trcvel.üng home In the eveniYlg

Making notes of the situations words are used in will help you to remember them and to use them at the right moment.

4. Use diagrams and other visual aids to help you learn and remember words and phrases. Word bubbles are very easy to draw and can help you remember the different meanings and uses of words. Here is an example for the word play, which can be a verb or a noun:

Charts can also help you to organise information about words. This student has made notes in her vocabulary notebook about useful verbs and the nouns we use them with:

take

av EcxL message violin Lessons

catch

cold c criminal balL

make

dinner mistake a-n a-ppo¿nfrnenb

do

mg homework somebody fœvour m best (to)

How to use the English Vocabulary in Use Elementary CD-ROM to learn vocabulary

Your copy of English Vocabulary in Use Elementary comes with a CD-ROM. You can use the CD-ROM to improve your English vocabulary. These two pages answer some common questions about the CD-ROM. What is on the CD-ROM?

The CD-ROM contains:

• two practice activities for each unit of the book (120 in total)

• two vocabulary games, Word Challenger and Falling Letters

• a test maker

• a record and play-back function a dictionary function.

When should I use the CD-ROM?

You can use the CD-ROM before or after you do a unit in the book. This section will give you some suggestions.