Learningexpress Vocabulary Spelling Success 4e

agonize ( a· ə·n¯z)

root: agon means struggle, contest (verb)

to suffer intense pain, to struggle over something

As a teacher, I over how to reprimand my students.

audible ( o·də·bəl) root: aud means hear (adj.)

able to heard

Something was wrong with the sound system, so the lead singer’s voice was barely .

belligerent (bəl· lij·ər·ənt) root: bell means war

(adj.)

warlike, hostile

I don’t know what got into Margo; she became when they told her that the class

was full.

chronic ( kron·ik) root: chron means time (adj.)

constant, habitual

Living with pain can be exhausting.

demographic (dem·ə· raf·ik) root: dem means people

(noun)

statistical characteristics of human population, such

fidelity (fi· del·i·te¯) root: fid means faith (noun)

faithfulness

One thing I will never question is her ; she is one of the most loyal people I know.

fluctuate ( flək·chu·a¯t) root: flux, flu means to flow (verb)

to move up and down, constantly changing

My weight tends to according to the seasons.

genocide ( jen·ə·s¯d) root: gen means race or kind (noun)

the deliberate extermination of an entire group of people

root: cog, gno means to know (noun)

disguised, unrecognizable

I had to go to the party in order to supervise my daughter and her friends.

inducement (in· dus·mənt) root: duc means lead

(noun)

motive, leading to an action, incentive

As a(n) , they offered free appetizers to anyone arriving between 9 and 10.

root: rog means to ask (verb)

to question

Customs agents have the right to passengers.

nominal ( nom·ən·əl) root: nom means name (adj.)

in name only, small amount

She expended only energy during the heat wave so that she wouldn’t collapse.

root: path means feelings (noun)

suffering; feeling of sympathy or pity

Children who are raised to feel are not usually bullies.

root: tract means draw; pull (adj.)

drawn out in time, prolonged

The union and the city could not agree on contractual terms, which led to a settlement.

rejected (ri· jek·ted)

root: ject means to throw or send (verb)

sent back, refused, discarded

She his offer of marriage, so he took the ring back to the jeweler.

sophisticated (sə· fis·ti·ka¯ ·ted) root: soph means wisdom

(adj.)

knowledgeable; refined, experienced, and aware The dance couple mastered the jazz step.

tenacious (tə· na¯ ·shəs) root: ten means hold (adj.)

unwilling to let go, stubborn

The grip of the pit bull is what makes it so dangerous.

verify ( ver·ə·f¯) root: ver means truth (verb)

to establish as truth, confirm

Scientists have not been able to the existence of UFOs.

vivacious (vi· va¯ ·shəs) root: viv means life

(adj.)

lively in manner

The teen became captain of the cheerleading team.

Words in Context

The following exercise will help you figure out the meaning of some words from Vocabulary List 3 by reading context clues. After you have read and understood the paragraph, explain the context clues that helped you with the meaning of the vocabulary word. Refer to the answer section at the end of this chapter for an explanation of the clues.

Medical researchers can now verify that college freshman living in dormitories are at a greater risk of contracting meningitis than other college students. Meningococcal meningitis is a tenacious bacterial infection of membranes around the brain and spinal chord that, if left untreated, can be fatal. Symptoms include fever, neck stiffness, and constant pain from a chronic headache. College officials are using this information as an inducement for vaccinating incoming freshman. Many universities are now offering this vaccine either free or for a nominal fee. The vaccination’s protracted effectiveness is three to five years.

Sentence Completion

Insert the correct word from Vocabulary List 3 into the following sentences.

1.Cambodian government officials are preparing to prosecute those leaders most responsible for the

Khmer Rouge’s of one fifth of the total population of the country.

2. Almost every area of our lives will be affected by our country’s changes as the baby boomers age.

3. Some infomercials promise rock-hard abdominals as a/an to buy a variety of exercise machines.

4.Janice is awfully quiet and pale tonight; it’s such a contrast to her normally

personality.

5. Because of the they feel for people, studies show that dogs in hospitals treat human patients with unconditional love.

6.During the annual San Fermin running of the bulls festival, spectators try to avoid the path of

bulls.

7. After the car collision, the passenger suffered from back pain for the rest of his life.

8.Health fitness experts now

that walking ranks as America’s most popular activity.

9.Temperatures in the desert can

greatly from brutally hot during the day to freezing temperatures at night.

10.Because of their known

toward their human companions, over one thousand dogs were sent overseas to protect American

soldiers during the

Vietnam War.

11. It’s hard for my grandfather not to

over having to go into a retirement home as he wants to remain independent as long as possible.

12. Famous sports and movie personalities often travel in order to avoid being hounded by the media.

13. In order to the alleged thief, proper police procedures must be followed.

14.The celebrity guest was known for his exciting story telling; the talk-show host asked her

management and the team players lasted several years.

19.Since there was only a

fee to enter the bike race, everyone could participate.