Learningexpress Vocabulary Spelling Success 4e
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–VOCABULARY LIST 1: PREFIXES–
25. intermittent |
28. precursor |
a. sporadic |
a. successor |
b. alternating |
b. forerunner |
c. recurring |
c. ancestor |
d. occasional |
d. antecedent |
e. continual |
e. predecessor |
26. malevolent |
29. synthesis |
a. malicious |
a. mixture |
b. spiteful |
b. fusion |
c. nasty |
c. separation |
d. disinterested |
d. amalgamation |
e. wicked |
e. blend |
27. transcend |
30. decimate |
a. exceed |
a. demolish |
b. descend |
b. annihilate |
c. excel |
c. build |
d. surpass |
d. slaughter |
e. outdo |
e. kill |
Antonyms
Choose the word from Vocabulary List 1 that means the opposite, or most nearly the opposite, of the following groups of words.
31.descendant, successor, progeny, heir
32.readable, decipherable, comprehensible, clear
33.direct, face, aim, confront
34.disagreement, wrangle, conflict, dissent
35.promote, encourage, sponsor, support
36.benevolent, caring, compassionate, kindly
37.leading, chief, primary, foremost
38.trail, follow, tail, drag
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–VOCABULARY LIST 1: PREFIXES–
39.significant, major, important, noteworthy
40.continuous, constant, nonstop, incessant
Matching Questions
Match the word in the first column with the corresponding word in the second column.
41. circumvent |
a. |
dispute |
42. retrospect |
b. |
combination |
43. euphemism |
c. |
excessive |
44. precursor |
d. |
destroy |
45. synthesis |
e. |
skirt |
46. antipathy |
f. |
predecessor |
47.disinterested g. hindsight
48.exorbitant h. pleasant substitute words
49. controversy |
i. |
hatred |
50. decimate |
j. |
neutral |
Practice Activities
Write ten words that begin with the same prefixes as the words in this unit. Write your definition of each word based on what you already know about each prefix. Be sure to check your answers with a dictionary definition of each word.
Example: preactivity means a warm-up activity that comes before the main activity.
Create a personal “pictionary” prefix book. List common prefixes along with their definitions and create drawings that remind you of their meanings.
Example:
Prefix |
Definition |
Illustration |
anti |
against |
(draw a no smoking sign) |
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m to show you are |
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against smoking |
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–VOCABULARY LIST 1: PREFIXES–
Answers
Words in Context
We learn that nuclear energy has its supporters and opponents who continually debate each other; therefore, controversy means a public dispute. We read that energy prices were exorbitant and the government began to promote nuclear power as a financially reasonable alternative. The implication is that exorbitant is excessive. After reading what has gone wrong with one particular power plant, we can infer that antipathy refers to the negative feelings of a significant portion of the population who oppose and intensely dislike the idea of nuclear power plants. After the disaster, we learn that scientists tried to circumvent, or prevent, a total meltdown. Finally, it was necessary for the scientists to stop a complete meltdown because it would decimate, or totally destroy, the area. The partial meltdown of the reactor was disastrous enough, so the result of a total meltdown would be unimaginable destruction.
Sentence Completion
1.controversy. If you got this question wrong, refer back to the word’s definition.
2.retrospect. If you got this question wrong, refer back to the word’s definition.
3.decimated. If you got this question wrong, refer back to the word’s definition.
4.precursor. If you got this question wrong, refer back to the word’s definition.
5.intermittent. If you got this question wrong, refer back to the word’s definition.
6.transcend. If you got this question wrong, refer back to the word’s definition.
7.malevolent. If you got this question wrong, refer back to the word’s definition.
8.illegible. If you got this question wrong, refer back to the word’s definition.
9.prognosis. If you got this question wrong, refer back to the word’s definition.
11. euphemism. If you got this question wrong, refer back to the word’s definition.
11.antipathy. If you got this question wrong, refer back to the word’s definition.
12.exorbitant. If you got this question wrong, refer back to the word’s definition.
13.subordinate. If you got this question wrong, refer back to the word’s definition.
14.consensus. If you got this question wrong, refer back to the word’s definition.
15.demoted. If you got this question wrong, refer back to the word’s definition.
16.disinterested. If you got this question wrong, refer back to the word’s definition.
17.synthesis. If you got this question wrong, refer back to the word’s definition.
18.circumvent. If you got this question wrong, refer back to the word’s definition.
19.antecedents. If you got this question wrong, refer back to the word’s definition.
20.trivial. If you got this question wrong, refer back to the word’s definition.
Synonyms
21.c. consensus. Controversy is a discussion where opposing views clash. Therefore, consensus would not be a synonym of the word because it means to come to an agreement.
22.a. selfish. Disinterested means not motivated by personal interest. Therefore, selfish would not be a synonym of the word because it means the opposite—to have a personal interest.
23.d. sympathy. Antipathy means to have a feeling of hatred toward someone or something. Since sympathy means to have feelings of compassion for someone or something, it cannot be a synonym of the word.
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–VOCABULARY LIST 1: PREFIXES–
24.a. reasonable. Exorbitant means excessive; thus, reasonable is the opposite in meaning and cannot be a synonym.
25.e. continual. Intermittent means to happen at regular intervals whereas continual means without stopping; therefore, it cannot be the synonym of the word.
26.d. disinterested. Malevolent means to have evil feelings and intentions toward someone or something. Disinterested means to be neutral about someone or something; thus, it cannot be the synonym of the word.
27.b. descend. Transcend means to go beyond whereas descend means to go below and cannot be a synonym of the word.
28.a. successor. A precursor is something that comes before. Successor cannot be a synonym because it means something that comes after.
29.c. separation. A synthesis is a blending together of things to form something; therefore, separation cannot be a synonym of the word.
30.c. build. Decimate means to destroy; therefore, build cannot be a synonym of the word.
Antonyms
31.antecedent. Antecedent means ancestors, the opposite of the meaning of the words in the group.
32.illegible. Illegible means unreadable, the opposite of the words in the group.
33.circumvent. Circumvent means to go around, the opposite of the words in the group.
34.consensus. Consensus means agreement, the opposite of the words in the group.
35.demote. Demote means to downgrade, the opposite of the meaning of the words in the group.
36.malevolent. Malevolent means evil, the opposite of the meaning of the words in the group.
37.subordinate. Subordinate means secondary, the opposite of the meaning of the words group.
38.transcend. Transcend means exceed, the opposite of the meaning of the words in the group.
39.trivial. Trivial means unimportant, the opposite of the meaning of the words in the group.
40.intermittent. Intermittent means interrupted, the opposite of the meaning of the words in the group.
Matching Questions
41.e
42.g
43.h
44.f
45.b
46.i
47.j
48.c
49.a
50.d
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Across
4prognosis
5trivial
6circumvent
8intermittent
9antecedent
11demote
12exorbitant
13synthesis
14subordinate
17retrospect
18precursor
19malevolent
Down
1decimate
2transcend
3illegible
6controversy
7disinterested 10 consensus 15 antipathy
16 euphemism
–VOCABULARY LIST 1: PREFIXES–
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P R O G N O S I S |
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E X O R B I T A N T |
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E S I S |
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C H A P T E R
5 |
Vocabulary List 2: |
Suffixes |
CHAPTER SUMMARY
Just as a movie director must check each part of a movie set in order to make sure it’s functioning correctly, readers must check each part of a word in order to analyze its meaning. And similarly, just as the end of a movie is as important as its beginning, a word ending plays an important role in determining its part of speech.
ord endings that are added to the main part, or root, of words are called suffixes. Suffixes are word Wparts that signal how a word is being used in a sentence. Suffixes often change the part of speech of
a word.
For example, take a look at the word deferment from this chapter’s vocabulary list. Deferment is a noun that means a postponement. If the suffix (-ment) is removed, the word becomes defer, and it is used as a verb that means to postpone.
As a verb, it appears as defer:
I will defer the payment until next month.
As a noun, it appears as it is:
The bank gave him a deferment.
As an adjective, it appears as deferred:
The deferred payment is due in one month.
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–VOCABULARY LIST 2: SUFFIXES–
Choose the word from the Vocabulary List that best fits into the crossword puzzle. You will use 17 of the words from the Vocabulary List to solve the puzzle. You can check your answers at the end of the chapter following the answers to the questions.
Vocabulary List 2: Suffixes
bigotry consummate copious cryptic deferment exacerbate etymology furtive laudable mutation obsolescence parity pragmatism protagonist provocative puerile rectify relentless satirize venerate
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1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
6 |
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7 |
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8 |
9 |
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10 |
11 |
12 |
13
14
15
16
Across |
Down |
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4 |
to correct, make |
1 |
perfect, complete, |
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right |
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accomplished |
6 |
uselessness |
2 |
bountiful |
11 |
praiseworthy |
3 |
delay |
13 |
change, variation |
4 |
unceasing |
15 |
to honor |
5 |
irritating, stirring |
16 |
obscure, secret |
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into action |
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7 |
to make worse |
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8 |
practicality |
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9 |
childish |
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10 |
stealthy |
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12 |
prejudice, |
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intolerance |
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14 |
equality |
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