Signal Transduction
FIG 9.14 Induction of an inflammatory response by phorbol ester; effects of PMA.
The processes indicated result in tumor, calor, rubor, and dolor, four well-recognized characteristics of the inflammatory response.
AP-1 complex.93,94 PMA also causes degranulation of neutrophils, releasing proinflammatory cytokines and matrix proteases. It also activates the respiratory burst,95 vital for first line host defence and also implicated in the tissue destruction associated with chronic inflammatory disease.
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