Английский / Лопатина 1-2

За секретарем пошлют.

to work at - работать над

Exercise 7. Переведите на русский язык.

1.These terms will be insisted on.

2.This system is much spoken about.

3.New ways of solving the problem must be looked for.

4.This problem won’t be dealt with.

5.This theory is often referred to.

Pattern III

The report was followed by a discussion.

За докладом последовало обсуждение.

The result is influenced by a number of factors.

На результат влияет ряд факторов.

Exercise 8. Переведите на русский язык. Our letter was answered in a month.

Our company was joined by some new specialists. This law must be followed.

The results are strongly influenced by pressure. The question was followed by an answer.

Exercise 9. Определите видо-временную форму глаголасказуемого и переведите предложения на русский язык

1.Nuclear reactors have generated electricity commercially for more than 40 years and nearly 400 are in operation now.

2.Energy demand grew more slowly than it was expected in the past decade.

3.Experiments on the space shuttle will help to prepare astronauts for life aboard the International Space Station.

4.The transformer was invented and the first electric lines and networks were set up at the end of the 19th century.

5.Electric power has become universal.

6.Our power stations have been connected by high voltage transmission lines into several networks.

7.Experiments lead to new theories.

8.The microprocessor is being supported by state-of-the-art technology which allows to implement very sophisticated functions.

9.The newest electronic-memory systems have been made possible by modern semiconductor technology.

10.The goal of creating electronic circuits with entirely solid state components had been finally realized.

11. The microelectronics can be divided into its subfields which in turn are connected to other micro related fields.

Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты

(Modal Verbs and Their Equivalents)

Модальные глаголы выражают отношение к действию (способность, возможность, допустимость, долженствование).

Модальные глаголы часто называются недостаточными

(defective), т.к. они:

не имеют неличных форм (инфинитива, причастия, герундия) и

не образуют временных форм Perfect, Continuous, Perfect Continuous;

не изменяются ни по лицам, ни по числам (не прибавляют окончания –«s» в третьем лице в единственном числе);

не используют вспомогательного глагола «do» для образования

вопросительной и отрицательной формы, а сами занимают положение перед подлежащим;

используют инфинитив без частицы «to»;

для выражения понятий прошедшего и будущего используются эквиваленты модальных глаголов.

Exercise 10. Изучите примеры использования модальных глаголов.

I can explain it, but he can’t.

Я могу объяснить это, а он не может. She will be able to explain it too.

Она также сможет объяснить это. Can I have a cup of tea?

Можно чашку чая?

May I use your phone?

Можно воспользоваться вашим телефоном? She was allowed to use his phone.

Она смогла (ей позволили) воспользоваться его телефоном. He must write. He must earn money.

Он должен писать. Он должен зарабатывать деньги. You may take my book.

Вы можете взять мою книгу.

You must not be late for the lecture.

Вы не должны опаздывать на лекцию. He had to consult the economist.

Он должен был (ему пришлось) проконсультироваться у

Exercise 11. Поставьте следующие предложения в прошедшее и будущее время.

Обратите внимание на перевод следующих модальных

Exercise 12. Переведите предложения на русский язык, учитывая значения модальных глаголов.

1.He is to give only the general idea of the design.

2.You ought to find time to help him.

3.We are not to agree to these terms without discussion.

4.You must observe the laws of this country.

5.You should think about what you are saying.

6.They should not accept everything without proof.

7.He ought to tell her the truth.

8.You must not show them the results of our recent research.

9.The engineer has to prove his decision.

Неопределенные местоимения

(Indefinite Pronouns).

Неопределенные местоимения и их производные

Exercise 13. Выберите соответствующее местоимение.

I saw (nobody, anybody, somebody) in the street.

I cannot give this document to (nobody, somebody, anybody) at present.

He didn’t tell you (something, nothing, anything) new.

(Everybody, nobody, somebody) knows (something, everything, nothing, anything) about that agreement.

Have you heard (some, any) news?

It is the knowledge of economics that is very important for a manager.

It is the radio that Popov invented. It is Popov who invented the radio.

Exercise 14. Переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, учитывая многозначность слова «it».

Where is the file? It is on the table. My watch can’t be relied on. It is fast.

This is a very urgent case and we shall discuss it immediately. It is cold today. Turn on the electric heater.

«I find it necessary to look through this project design», - the engineer said.

It is not an easy task to test these new devices. It is important to meet the criteria of the design.

It will take scientists much time to find effective methods of utilizing solar energy.

It was in 1905 when Einstein presented his theory of relativity.

It is also important that the Sun gives us heat without which no life can exist on the Earth. It provides us with all the energy we use

every day.

Многозначное слово «that»

Указательное местоимение «тот», «та», «то». This file. That file. (this – these, that – those).

Союзное слово «который, которая, которое, которые». Do you know the girl that is standing by the window?

Союз в дополнительном придаточном предложении, в придаточном подлежащем, сказуемом.

Do you know that this girl is the best student in our group? That she is the best student is known.

The fact is that she is the best student.

Слово-заменитель.

The structure of the atom is like that of the solar system.

Часть усилительного оборота. It is ... that.

It is the transistor that made a real revolution in electronics.

Exercise 15. Переведите, учитывая многозначность слова

«that».

This is a new equipment and that is an old one.

An equation that states a rule in a brief form is called a formula.

It is in Obninsk that the world’s first nuclear power plant was put into operation in 1954.

That it is possible to convert heat to energy and energy back to heat can be demonstrated in a numerous ways.

D.I. Mendeleyev was sure that the missing elements would be

found.

The main difficulty is that the experiments have not given the results desired yet.

The power of the nuclear power plant is much greater than that of the hydro-electric plant.

Многозначное слово «one»

Числительное «один», «одна», «одно». Неопределенно-личное подлежащее («вы», «мы»). Слово-заменитель.

Exercise 16. Переведите, учитывая многозначность слова «

One»

This solid is denser than that one.

The right hand is usually stronger than the left one.

The idea of automation is one of the most important ideas of modern industry.

Due to radioactive elements one can measure the thickness of various materials.

One should always inspect the machine-tool before he turns it

on.

One must know that these rays produce a harmful effect on man. The old project is much worse than the new one.

One cannot read such technical papers without a dictionary.

КОНТРОЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ № 2 V. A

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ELECTRONICS

Electronics deals with electrical circuits that involve active electrical components such as vacuum tubes, transistors, diodes and integrated

circuits, and associated passive interconnection technologies. The nonlinear behavior of active components and their ability to control

electron flows make it possible to amplify weak signals. That is why electronics is widely used in information processing,

telecommunications and signal processing. The ability of electronic devices to act as switches makes digital information technologies such

as circuit boards, electronics packaging technology and other varied forms of communication infrastructure complete circuit functionality

and transform the mixed components into regular working systems.