Добавил:
Upload Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз: Предмет: Файл:
Скачиваний:
10
Добавлен:
27.03.2016
Размер:
2.1 Mб
Скачать

Agenda

1. 

2. 

3. 

Decision Hierarchies

Analy3c Hierarchy Process Method

Project Announcement

IT in Business: Decision Analysis| © Sodenkamp

2

 

elements

of a

sets

Hierarchy

Levels

Clusters

How to structure decision elements?

Standard MCDA Hierarchiy

 

 

 

 

Ai

Decision Alternatives

 

 

w

= f (w , pCj )

C j

Decision Criteria

 

 

Ai

Cj Ai

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

wCj

Criteria Weights

 

 

i = 1,..., I; j = 1,..., J

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

pCjAi

Performance of Alternatives on the Criteria

 

 

 

 

wAi

Utility of Alternatives

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(Advanced) IT in Business | © Sodenkamp

Folie 4

How to structure decision elements?

Generalized Criteria Hierarchiy

(Advanced) IT in Business | © Sodenkamp

Folie 5

Business / Marketing:

Hierarchy for determining consumer preference

A firm wants to determine consumer preferences for the three different kinds of paper towel.

The attributes are softness, absorptiveness, price, size, design and integrity. The three kinds of paper towels, X, Y and Z are evaluated.

Product desírability

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Softness

 

Absorptivene

 

Price

 

Size

 

Design

 

Integrity

 

 

 

 

 

 

ss

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

X

Y

Z

Source: T.L. Saaty

Business /

Hierarchy

 

Finance

 

Production

 

Marketing

 

Economics

 

•  Tax Rate

 

•  Labor

•  Company Image

•  Unemployment

•  Foreign

 

•  Fixed costs

•  Product Image

•  Inflation

Exchange Rate

 

•  Transport

 

 

 

•  GDP

•  Tariffs

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Mexico

Source: T.L. Saaty

Business / Management:

Hierarchy for Evaluating a Division’s Performance

There are several dimensions of the performance of a division in a corporation.

The principal dimensions to be considered in this evaluation are government dealings, management, imports and customers. There are several factors for each dimension. Level 3 of the hierarchy shows those pertaining to management alone; other factors can be similarly included for the other dimensions.

 

 

 

Overall Division Performance

 

 

Source: T.L. Saaty

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Government

 

 

Management

 

 

Imports

 

 

Customers

Employee

 

Financial

 

Market

 

Material

 

Quality

 

Research

 

Safety

 

Startegy

Productivity

 

Performance

 

share

 

Productivity

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Division A

 

Division B

 

Division C

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Political decision: Evaluation of candidates to the EU *

The EU is a geo-political and economic community covering a large portion of the European continent. It was founded upon numerous treaties and has undergone several expansions taking it from its six founder states to twenty-seven member states. To join the EU, a country must go through an extensive screening process and conform to a series of fairly demanding criteria established by the European Council in Copenhagen. The Copenhagen criteria require a stable democracy which respects human rights and the rule of law (political standard); a functioning market economy capable of competition within the EU (economic standard); and the acceptance of the obligations of membership, including EU law (community standard).

Decision makers are required to consider a vast amount of information concerning the objective and subjective criteria in their decision process. Currently, official status of candidate states have Croatia, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, and Turkey; potential candidates are Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Montenegro, and Serbia. The three groups of Copenhagen Criteria are composed of 38 criteria divided into 169 sub-criteria.

The screening process is intended to determine how well a candidate state is prepared to join the EU. The Commission issues a report to the Council on the screening of the political, economic and community standards. This leads to open negotiations or a requirement that the candidate state must first meet these benchmarks. It is the responsibility of the European Council to determine whether the candidate state has fulfilled the Copenhagen criteria.

* Source: Tavana, M., Sodenkamp, M. and Suhl, L. (2010). A Soft Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis Model with Application to the

European Union Enlargement. Annals of Operations Research, Vol. 181, No. 1, pp. 393-421.

Guarantee of Democtacy and Rule of Law

•  Parliament

• 

•  Government

 

•  Public

 

• 

•  Civilian oversight

of the •  forces

•  Judicial

• 

•  Anti-

• 

corruption

policy

• 

Serbia

Соседние файлы в папке Class 5