Vocabulary exercises

III.

1. Our physical and psychological well-being depends on the synchronised work of all the body’s systems which is regulated and controlled by our body clocks. If we ignore our body clocks or try to outsmart them, we run the risk of seriously damaging our health.

2. Altering our patterns of sleeping and waking / of sleep and wakefulness affects our immune system. While we sleep the body’s repair mechanisms are at work. Changing your body’s natural rhythms can lead to serious health problems such as heart diseases, fatigue, ulcers, frequent viral infections, etc.

3. We belong to a 24-hour society. On the one hand, it is very convenient – you can book tickets on the Internet at the crack of dawn or buy groceries at midnight. On the other hand, such a daily routine is not what nature intended because it is not in tune with our natural environment. If you stay up all night and regularly deprive yourselves of much needed rest, you become depressed, anxious and accident–prone in the long run.

4. Nowadays some people see “daily routine” as a negative term and think it is boring and predictable. However, we can’t ignore millions of years of evolution and start a round-the-clock lifestyle. Our body functions best when we have meals at the same time every day and have a regular sleep pattern listening to our body clocks’ ticking. You should remember a well-known proverb: “Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise”.

V.

1. Have you seen John today? – No, I haven’t. He must have fallen ill. Yesterday he felt unwell / bad: he had sore eyes, a (high) fever, a splitting headache, aching muscles and he couldn’t stop sneezing. – It may / might / could be (the) flu. In such weather you can easily catch a virus.

2. Anna has got a streaming cold: she has got a runny nose, a sore throat and an awful cough. – Has she called a doctor? – Yes, she has. He has prescribed to take aspirin, cough mixture, nasal drops and throat lozenges.

3. What’s wrong with Mary? She’s got wheezing. – It’s asthma, she’s got difficulty breathing. – What is it caused by? – It can be an allergy to dust or animals. - Isn’t it the same as hay fever? – No, it isn’t. Hay fever is an allergy to pollen.

4. If you have got a high temperature, nausea and dizziness, it may / might / could be a heat stroke. It is usually caused by spending too much time in the sun.

5. If people eat too much or too quickly, they suffer from a bloated, painful stomach. It is called indigestion.

6. When Steve was in his teens he had acne: spots and red lumps on the face and neck caused by bacteria under the skin.

7. If you sprained your wrist you should put it in a sling and rest the injured part.

8. If you have got a nosebleed you should pinch your nose and put some ice on the bridge of it.

9. Swimming in cold water or doing too much exercise can cause cramp – a painful muscle contraction. Be careful while doing exercise in order not to pull your muscles.

10. Insomnia can result from stress, anxiety and even overtiredness.

VI.

1) annoyed; 2) satisfied; 3) relieved; 4) frightening; 5) disappointing; 6) pleased 7) tiring; 8) fascinating; 9) embarrassed; 10) relaxed; 11) exciting; 12) thrilled; 13) confusing; 14) worrying; 15) bored

VII.

1. Tom is a perfectionist. Whatever he deals with he does his best to achieve the best results. Moreover, he is always optimistic and confident of success.

2. Henry is a very self-confident young man. He is impatient and arrogant towards other people. If he doesn’t change, he’ll lose his friends.

3. My aunt doesn’t like any changes, she is a very conservative person. But she is pleasant to deal with because she is very responsible and reliable - she will never let you down.

4. Mr. Brown is a moody person. His feelings change every five minutes.

5. My sister is a very sociable girl. She has got a lot of friends and loves going to parties. Besides, she is very emotional and sentimental. She can start crying while looking through old family photos or reading a novel.

6. Sally gets upset easily because she is a very sensitive girl.

7. Sam never complains about anything. He is a very easy-going person.

8. Practical people never waste money on trifles and always make sensible decisions.

IX.

1. Anna is jealous of her friend Irina because the latter has got a lot of admirers. She buys clothes which are identical to Irina’s to make an impression on her fellow students. Irina tries to be kind to Anna but in fact she is not keen on having her look alike. Anna’s behaviour may lead to a quarrel in the long run.

2. The professor insisted on all the students joining in the discussion about the problem. He suggested analyzing the reasons of the increase in the number of the unemployed in all sectors of the national economy in recent months.

3. On my first working day I left the house at the crack of dawn because I didn’t want to run the risk of getting stuck in a traffic jam depriving myself of the boss’ confidence. I liked my first job. We all worked in harmony and my boss played an important part in my further career.

XIII.

1. I’m sure we mustn’t give up if we want to achieve success.

2. Though he spoke fluent French, his light accent gave him away as a foreigner.

3. I’m afraid there won’t be enough chairs to go around. Some of the students will have to stand.

4. Monica won’t be at work till the end of the month. Her younger child’s gone down with (the) measles.

5. He went after her to say how guilty he felt about what had happened, but she did not want to talk to him.

6. I’ve known him for ages. You can trust him; he never goes back on his word.

7. A stranger went for a passer-by with a knife threatening to kill him if he did not give him his wallet.

8. Unless we take care of our natural resources, they will inevitably give out in a few decades.

9. I like the smell of this plant very much. It gives off the smell of lemons.

XV.

1. Our confectionary has produced new chocolate bars and hit the jackpot: people who have a sweet tooth are crazy about them. Interestingly, at first we even had no intention of producing these sweets; though I, being a manager with many years’ experience, could feel it in my bones that the sales would go up.

2. My cousin really has itchy feet: he never stays in one place for long. He is an actor and earns his living doing impressions of celebrities.

3. At the beginning of the presentation tell a joke or a funny story: it will draw the audience’s attention and break the ice.

4. Liza’s colleagues put words into her mouth and accuse her of gossiping. Usually Liza phones her friend to get that off her chest and complain about her colleagues.

5. If you want to work at the police you should make sure that you have a strong stomach and the sight of blood and injuries doesn’t upset you.

6. Yesterday my computer broke down. I phoned the service department but they weren’t able to / didn’t manage to put their finger on what it was.

XIX.

1. The healing and pain-relieving properties of hot springs were discovered many years ago. The water from springs helps people with arthritis, rheumatism and neuralgia as well as allows to improve their general health.

2. In this region there are many spas with mud pools and hot springs with a high mineral content and various temperature which are used for therapeutic purposes and relaxation. Some springs are acidic, the others are alkaline and the temperature of the water varies from 33°C to 43°C.

3. Dark and humid caves where the hot spring water reaches the waist height are used as a natural steam bath.

4. The springs were discovered by Indians. At first they were visited only by local miners and prospectors. After the mining industry declined and the mines closed down this area turned into one of the country’s most favourite holiday resorts.

5. The springs and caves form part of a popular resort. Visiting a volcanic crater or a wildlife reserve as well as hiking in the national park are tourist attractions.