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МИНИСТЕРСТВО СЕЛЬСКОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ВЫСШЕГО ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ «БАШКИРСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ АГРАРНЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ»

Б1.Б.3. Иностранный язык (английский)

Сборник текстов

для самостоятельной работы

бакалавров заочной формы обучения

по направлению подготовки

080100 Экономика

Уфа 2013

УДК 811.111

ББК 81.2 Англ

С 23

Рекомендовано к изданию методическим советом ФГБОУ ВПО «Башкирский государственный аграрный университет», протокол № 4 от 27 марта 2013 г.

Составитель: старший преподаватель Р.А. Исмагзамова.

Рецензент: к. филол. н., доцент кафедры иностранных языков З.Р. Загирова

Ответственный за выпуск: зав. кафедрой иностранных языков, д.ф.н., доцент О.Н. Новикова

Сборник содержит 25 научно-популярных текстов по экономике объемом 30 тысяч печатных знаков. Материал взят из оригинальных источников и адаптирован преподавателем для более легкого понимания и усвоения. Сборник текстов способствует активизации навыков чтения литературы по направлению подготовки, а также интересен студентам как специалистам в области экономики.

Кафедра иностранных языков, 2013

Contents

1	What is Economics	4
2	What Economics Studies	4
3	Economic Systems	5
4	The Traditional Economy	6
5	The Market Economy	6
6	The Planned Economy	7
7	The Mixed Economy	8
8	The Role of the Production of Material Values	9
9	David Ricardo and the Theory of Comparative Analysis	9
10	Adam Smith and Development of Economic Thought	10
11	Money	11
12	Banks	11
13	The Stock Exchange	12
14	Unemployment	13
15	Inflation	14
16	Types of Business Firms	15
17	The Functional Organization of the Company	16
18	Set-up of British Companies	16
19	Retailing	17
20	Wholesaling	18
21	Poverty	18
22	Less Developed Countries	19
23	Factors of Production	20
24	British Economy	20
25	US Economy	22
	Bibliography Electronic resources	24 24

1 What is Economics

Unlike history, mathematics, English and chemistry, economics is a subject that most students study only briefly, sometimes they do not study it at all, before they begin to study at a college or university.

Economics has some similarities to mathematics because logical reasoning and mathematical tools are used in it extensively. It also has some similarities to history because economics studies people as they interact in social groups.

Like chemistry, economics uses scientific methods, although some of economics has a descriptive rather than an analytical character. Finally, like English grammar, economics has a few simple rules and principles, but from these principles economics can derive many conclusions.

Economics is a science of making choices. Individuals must decide whether to study or to work, what to choose as an occupation, and many other choices. As a group, people must also choose through their governments whether to invest money to business or to expand national parks, to build a dam or to repair highways with their taxes. The common element in all these decisions is that every choice involves costs.

In fact, economics is the study of the choice that people make and the actions that they take in order to make the best use of scarce resources in meeting their wants.

Economics is about the everyday life. How do we get our living? Why do we sometimes get more and sometimes less? Are we producing as efficiently as we could? Are we producing the “right things”? What are the “right things”? Who ought to decide this and why? The study of economics helps us to answer this sort of questions.

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