Методическое пособие по физике 2
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B = µ0 (H + M ) ,
, * " ( ' + )-
M = χ H ,
-" χ – )-( )& * #,
B = µ0 (1 + χ ) H .
" * 1 + χ = µ – )-( $) * #.
' ) " ( " 2 ) )- " ( ( '-
) ):
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dF |
= µ |
µ |
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J1J2 dl |
2 dl1r12 |
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r3 |
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12 |
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, " 0# ( )-) )- |
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dF = J [dl × B] . |
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B ) ( * 2- )- - ( |
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BH = |
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2µ0µ |
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)-* )+ ) 3 !- $% %& |
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)-* ) 9. " " |
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O<= |
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= 0,1 ), ) 0# n = 300 , |
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6O9 |
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" )-+ " &. ! - |
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" " J = 1 . 3 |
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6OM |
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)-& * 1 ' - |
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", - )-+ - |
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MO9 |
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+ 1 0 ( -% ) = f(3). |
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( . 4.11). |
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M |
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6MMM |
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7MMM |
:MMM |
NO< P) |
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3 !- . 3 )-& * |
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;<8;66 |
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# " ( ( |
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M = χ H . |
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(4.3.6) |
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41 |
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3 (1 * ) 1 :
H = J n = 3 103 A / ) .
( ' & 3, -% ) 1 & )- "$ =
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1,6 =. = * " ) χ = µ −1. = µ = |
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, χ = |
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− 1 . |
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µ0 |
µ0 |
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! " (( 2 + 1 " ( χ % ) (4.3.6), & ) & * + -
:
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1,6 |
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3 103 =1,27 |
106 #/ . |
M = |
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−1 H = |
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−1 |
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µ0 |
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4π 10−7 3 |
103 |
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% %&-
4.3.01. ) + 1 ' + " & " 0 50 ) ) ) 1000
. ! ) & 1 . " * & ' ),
& + " " & "$( * 1?
4.3.02. " * )-0 "$0 ' ) ) 1 ' ) " &
" " 20,9 ), & ) " 1500. 3 )-0 $) * ) " & 2 (.
4.3.03. * )– ( " ( - , & + "
)- " ) " 30 ) B@) ( * 2- )- - (
+ 1,75 1/)2.
4.3.04. 1" 0 ) 2 )- '" ( " " )- -
, "$( - 1 =. ! " " 0 70 ), ) # )
" ( +) (), &@ 70 . 3 , " 0# 0
".
4.3.05. () + " + * + " "( (
) ( "- "- . ! " ) , +
& 0. 3 , #- 1" ) ' "-
, ', & " ( - & + '" * 2 " "
42
* (, * * ( "$ " + "-
), 0 5 ) 1/).
4.3.06. "$( )- - ( 1 ' ) 1 " = 1,7 =. " *
' & )-& M ), )-+ - +-
1 0 ( -% ) (). . ).
4.3.07. ! " & J = 5 . " 1 ), & N = 500, # "* &- & ( 50 )2. " 1 ' + -
" & (-% ' ) 3 " . ). 3 2-0 )- -
( ".
4.3.08. " ( ) " ' " & + '
" ) ) 0,6 )). " 60 ) (& ( "), # "* -
&- & ( 15 )2, ) & 2 . )( 5·10–4 ) +" ( ( & , & 2- )- - ( -
". 3 (1, " ) ".
4.3.09. Q ' + " & " 0 50,2 ) '" +) ' ' " 0,1
) ) ) ' 20 . " 1 * 2 ),
& + ' ' & * "$0 1,2 =?
4.3.10. 3 1 ' ) " & " " ) ) d = 500 )) ) ( ) # ) & ) N = 1000. " & " & +
', ' * &- ' ( '" + ' ' b = 1,0 )).
! ) J = 0,85 (1 * ( ' ' = 6,0·105
/). " * )-0 $) * 1 ' 2 (.
43
4.4. . / )"*%0!- !% -! /1- .
") -& /-' *-!-* *
' 2 )- "$ - : , "$ , '-
0# ( , ') ( )- - , $@-
- 2 ) ):
ε = −N |
dΦ |
, |
(4.4.1) |
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-" N – & , d – ') )- - & ' -
# " dS:
dΦ = (BdS) = BdS cosα . |
(4.4.2) |
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') )- - ) 1 + * ), # ) |
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) ) (( ) "$ ). = N· = L·J, |
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εcu = −L |
dJ |
, |
(4.4.3) |
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dt |
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-" L – " * .
)-* )+ ) 3 !- $% %&
)-* ) 10. ! * * " " + * + ", +)
& J ' + (. " 1"- " , ( ) 1-
" () d. +& *
" *
" " ,
" ( ' l ( . 4.12).
3 !- . = " 0 L = Φ
" ) &
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& * , ' " ( )- - (4.4.2) "
Φ = (BdS) . &, " ( 1" ( " L " ) .
) ) )- "- ". " (0 < < )
)-( "$( ) 1 + * " ) $($
)- "$ :
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(Bdl) = µ0 (jdS) . |
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l |
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S |
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J |
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µ π x2 |
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µ |
J |
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= j = |
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, Bi |
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= |
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x . |
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π a2 |
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π a2 2π x 2π a2 |
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-& "@) )-0 "$0 B " ( > ) :
B= µ0 J .
2π x
+& ) )-+ & ' # "*, -& 0 () ",
" ( ' " + :
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µ J a |
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µ |
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i = |
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xdx = |
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J ; |
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2π a2 |
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4π |
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µ J d |
dx |
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J |
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d |
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l = |
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= µ0 |
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n |
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2π |
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2π |
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= " + 1, (
, '" )+ ) " ) ) 1" (), " +. ! 2 )
+ , '" )+ ) " ), " " ' * -
"- ":
= |
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+ n |
d |
J . |
π |
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0" & ) L = , . . & * + " ( ( ":
J
L = |
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+ n |
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45
% %&-
4.4.01. & * " * " " + , & ) S & )
N.
4.4.02. " " & ) ' )- - ) " 1 N = 1200 ", -0# "- "- . ! J = 4
)-+ = 6 ). " * " * " 2-0 )- - ( ".
4.4.03. *$ ' ) R = 1 ) ) " ( " "-
) )-) (" = 0,4 =). ! * *$ ( - R = 900
() "$ . " * ' (", + & *$ , - +" * ' (. ! # "* *$ S = 10 )2.
4.4.04. " + ) + " " &. 2%%$+
) "$ 2 : L1 = 0,9 ., L2 = 0,1 .. " *, *
' & *, & ) .
4.4.05. " ( ) = 20 ) 1 )-)
, & ) * ) ' - S = 600 ) (. -
') ( ( & ) ) ' B = B0 cosωt , -" B0 = 0,2 = T = 314 –1. " * , ) ) ) ) t = 4 .
4.4.06. " ( ) = 1 ) " 1 ( (-
*0 V , " ( ) & ) " )
", 1 # ) ) * " ' . !
" " J = 10 . + ) ) ) -
( " " 1 + ) = 1 ). " 1 + * * V , & + 2 ) ) ) "$* ,, ( 10–
4 ?
4.4.07. ! & ( ) 1 " ( )-) 0,
"$( - ') ( ( ' = 0cos(ωt), -" "0 = 0,5 =, ω = 1 –
1. " * & ,, "$) 0 ) ) ) t = 2,3 . ! # "* ) S = 4·10–2 )2.
46
4.4.08. * ) , " * L = 0,001 .,
J = 1 )-+ '* Φ = 200 )?
4.4.09.) ( " 1 ' +) " & ) " 50 ), # "*0
&- & ( 10 )2 & ) 1000. 3 " * 2-
", ) " &@ J = 0,1 .
4.4.10.1" 0 ) 2 )- ) # , & -
0 + & )- " 0. ! # "* &- & ( S = 3,0 ))2, & N = 60. !
180° & ' " + & -* ) ' (" q = 4,5 ). " * (1 * ( 3 ) 1" 0 ).
, -* ) " * + " R = 40 ).
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4.5. #-7 !- $%) 7 !!+= &% -1 # 9 / )"*%0!- !+= 2" =.
") -& /-' *-!-* *
F, " 0# ( ' (" q, " 1 # ( *0 V )- -
) "$ ( $ ), + 1 ( % ) |
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F = q[VB], |
(4.5.1) |
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( % ) |
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F = qVBsinα, |
(4.5.2) |
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-" α — - , ' + ) V " 1 # ( &$+ - |
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) "$ )- - (. |
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)-* )+ ) 3 !- $% %& |
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)-* ) 11. !, "( (0# 0 '- |
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* $ U = 1 , " " )-- |
q, m |
V |
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"$ B = 25 )=. " *: 1) |
an |
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" R ' + ; 2) & ω |
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# ( )-) . |
F |
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2 " ( () "$ . |
B |
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3 !- . " ' + |
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" ), "( ' " 0# 1: |
. 4.13 |
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" 1 # ( )-) " |
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$ F . + $ " ( , "-
*, ) ' 3*0, # ) * -
n : F = man ( . 4.13). ! " 0" + 1 " ( + $
(4.5.2) " ( ) *- (, & )
eVBsinα = mV2/R, |
(4.5.3) |
-" , V, — ' (", *, ) ; " — "$( )- - (; R
— " ' + ; α — - ) 1" () -
V "$ ( ) & V B α = 90°, sin α = l).
48
' % ) + (4.5.3) " )
R = mV |
(4.5.4) |
eB |
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"(# + 1 (4.5.4) ) * mV + ' ) & ' & 0
2-0 E 2:
mV = 2mE |
(4.5.5) |
3 & ( 2-( , "- (0# 0 ' *
$ U, " ( ( ) E = eU. ! " 2 + 1 % ) (4.5.5), & ) mV = 
2meU .
=-" + 1 (4.5.4) " ( " ' + "
R = |
1 |
2mU . |
(4.5.6) |
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B |
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! +& ( % ) (4.5.6) " ) R = 0,18 )).
( " ( & + # ( *' ) ( % ) ('+ 0-
# & *0 " ) ' + ,
ω = VR
! " R ' + 1 ( (4.5.4) 2 % ), & )
ω = eBm
! ' "( +& (, " ) ω = 24 105 c-1 .
)-* ) 12. *%-&$ (0# 0 ' * $ U
= 104 # + " ()+) -) 2 & (E = 10 /))
)- (B = 0,1 =) (. 3 ' (" *%-&$+
), , "-( * " ( ) (), &$ + +
() .
3 !- . ( - & + ' (" q *%-&$+
) m, *' ) ( ('*0 ) 1" 2 &- ( '-
) ) & 2- &$:
49
= mV 2 qU ,
2
"
q |
= |
V 2 |
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(4.5.7) |
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m |
2U |
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* V *%-&$+ " ) ' " 0# 1. -
# + 2 & ) )-) ( " 1 # 0 ( ' (1 0 &- $ " 0 " +:
) $ F = q[V ], ( " ( V
)- "$ ;
) , " 0# ( + 2 &- ( FK = qE, -
( ) (1 2 &- ( (q > 0).
*%-&$ " + + * ( () -
, ' * 0# ( F) $ = F +Fk, " 0# ( &$ , -
" 0. , ' &, & 2 & ( $ -
+ &
qE = qVB ,
"
V = EB
! " 2 + 1 % ) (4.5.7), & )
q |
= |
E2 |
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(4.5.8) |
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m |
2UB2 |
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+& ( % ) (4.5.8) " 0 : q/m = 48,1 / -.
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