Pugio_-_Gladius_brevis_est

who was committing impure acts with Midianite woman; in fact, with the fulfilment of this task it happened that he kept his own place, encountered favour and placed an end to the upheaval.”

PILIPPUS HARUENGIUS

130) S./R.) D)

W) Epistulae – Ep. 16 (ad Philippum);

“Although he murmured the stupidity of some carnal men againsthim(infacthealwaysfindssomeenviousmenand this is a sign which the power of the spirit opposes) in any case, enflamed with ardour, he proceeds and does not put the pugio back until he carries out a worthy revenge on his slanderers;”

131) S./R.) D) The pugio in the hand of a woman; W) De silentio – Chap. 111;

“When divine mercy decided to visit those who underwent sufferance, it took away those who caused it in the way it wanted and sent the widow Judith, endowed with moral integrity, skilful in speaking, worthy of praise for her purity, to seduce the prince with wine and love and to kill him with his own pugio by the hand of a woman;”

132) S./R.) D) The killing of the Midianites; W) De oboedientia – Chap. 38;

“So the priest Phineus considered just that when one of the children of Israel, under the eyes of all the people, turned to a Midianite prostitute, enflamed with love for God, clasping the pugio, hurried to enter the den of vice and pierced the genitals of the man and the woman;”

PETRUS BLESENSIS

133) S./R.) D) The killing of the Midianites; W) Passio Reginaldi principisAntiochie;

“Samuel cut the King Agag into pieces. Phineus killed with a pugio a Jew who was copulating with a Midianite. Elijah, inciting celestial fire, killed two Commandants of fifty men together with one hundred men;”

XIII CENTURYA.D: 1170 – 1271A.D.

THOMAS DE CHOBBAM

134) S./R.) D) The killing of the Midianites; W) Summa de arte praedicandi – Chap. 6;

“And for the second time, as can be read in Numbers, as the sons of Israel had committed impure acts with the Midianites, the Lord wanted to destroy all their people, if he had not been appeased by Phineus, who with his own pugio pierced the genitals of one while he was sleeping with a Midianite woman, and God could not have been appeased by the discourse of Moses or Aaron if not by Phineus alone who for the first time avenged so cruelly that sin of fornication;”

RODERICUS XIMENIUS DE RADA

135) H.E.) D) The killing of Julius Caesar;

W) Breiarium historie catholice – CM72B, Bk. 8, Chap. 101;

“OntheinstigationofBrutusandCassiusaconspiracywas organised against him by more than sixty senators and, as it was not lawful to bring arms into the Capitolium, the conspirators brought rods of iron with them or pugiones and,afterhavingmovedasidewithhim,stuckhimtwentythree times;”

PETRUS CANTOR

136) S./R.) D) The killing of the Midianites,

W) Summa quae dictur Uerbum adbreuiatrum (textus conflates) – para. 2, Chap. 24;

“On the one hand Phineus struck with a pugio those who were copulating, on the other Moses, armed, killed the idolaters going from door to door to avoid all the people perishing, and on the other again Samuel killed Amalech, saved by Saul against the order of the Lord and cut Agag, the very obtuse king, into pieces;”

137) S./R.) D) The killing of the Midianites;

W) Summa quae dicitur Uerbum adbreuiatum (textus conflates) – para. 2, Chap. 32;

“On the one hand Phineus pierced with a pugio those who were copulating and put an end to the upheaval;”

SPECULUM VIRGINUM

138) S./R.) D) The killing of the Midianites; W) Chap.5;

“Judith and Susanna presented themselves, one of whom wasaprimwinner,andslaughteredwithhisownpugiothe invincibletyrant,enemyofchastity,rebelofGod,dissolute adulterer; the other drove away some shameless priests, wolves in sheep’s clothing, choosing, after having kept chastity, death itself and unaware of the fear of God.”

139) S./R.) D) Judith; W) Chap. 7;

“Listen to what Judith earned for herself with a widow’s modesty, honour of the Judaic lineage, who, abandoning sex with uprightness and tenacity, killed with his own pugio a common enemy;”

GIULLEBERTUS

140) S./R.) D) The killing of the Midianites;

W) De superfluitate clericorum – Stropha. 263, Versus. 1;

“No one is capable of appeasing anger and turmoil, God is not induced to appease. In fact, no Phineus holds a pugio with which Madia avenges the prostitute;”

CHAPTER IX

DATABASE OFARCHAEOLOGICALFINDINGS

The following database concerns the various exemplars which it has been possible to trace, with the intention of making it as complete as possible, even if we do not claim to cover all existing ones.

The sources we have used for this purpose are museum collections, private collections and publications of various types.

For the purpose of greater clarity, we have decided to subdivide it into various sections according to the nature of the finds and the quality of the information available:

Section A) – exemplars without sheath, divided into three subsections:

-section A1) – exemplars with various information and images available;

-section A2) – exemplars with various information available but no images;

-sectionA3) – exemplars with only the place of finding available;

Section B) – exemplars complete with sheath,

Section C) – exemplars of only sheath.

(for the definition of the various types please see Chap. 1

– “Origins, Evolution and Classification”)

SECTIONAexemplars without sheath

sectionA1 - exemplars with various information and images available

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