Аракин 4 КЛЮЧИ Дилетто

Ключи к учебнику Аракина за 4 курс + сам учебник 2:1(указатели номера страниц в units 1,2,3,5 - отсутствует) - выполнено студенткой филологического факультета С. Дилетто, будьте внимательны, неисправленные ошибки есть, так как публикование данных ключей произведено для возможности самоконтроля студентов и чтобы студент, в случае сомнений, мог убедиться, что он правильно понял суть заданий!!!!!

Частично материал (только!!!) переводов текстов первых 4 частях взят из ранее распространяемых в интернете ―ключей‖ (выполненных студентом Аркадием Куракиным, г. Николаев), но ввиду частого несоответствия выполненных заданий учебным требованиям, мой вариант выполнения упражнений более корректен.

Unit One

TEXT

From: DOCTOR IN THE HOUSE

By R. Gordon

Richard Gordon was born in 1921. He has been an anaesthetist at St. Bartholomew's Hospital,1 a ship's surgeon and an assistant editor редактор of the British Medical Journal. He left medical practice in 1952 and started writing his "Doctor" series.

"Doctor in the House" is one of Gordon's twelve "Doctor" books and is noted for witty остроумный description of a medical student's years of professional training.

To a medical student the final examinations are something like death: an unpleasant inevitability неизбежность to be faced поставлен перед необходимостью sooner or later, one's state after which is determined by care spent in preparing for the event.

An examination is nothing more than an investigation исследование of a man's knowledge, conducted in a way that the authorities власти have found the most fair and convenient to both sides. But the medical student cannot see it in this light. Examinations touch off вызывать his fighting spirit; they are a straight contest сореановаться between himself and the examiners, conducted on well-established твѐрдо установившийся rules for both, and he goes at them like a prize-fighter.

There is rarely any frank cheating жульничество in medical examinations, but the candidates spend almost as much time over the technical details of the contest соперничество as they do learning general medicine from their textbooks.

Benskin discovered that Malcolm Maxworth was the St. Swithin's representative on the examining Committee and thenceforward впредь we attended уделять внимание all his ward rounds палатный обход, standing at the front and gazing at him like impressionable впечатлительный music enthusiasts at the solo violinist. Meanwhile

между тем, we despondently печально ticked делать отметку the days off the calendar, swotted up зазубривать the spot помеченный questions, and ran сбить a final breathless sprint down the well-trodden проторенный paths of medicine.

The examination began with the written papers писчая бумага. A single invigilator2

"надсмотрщик" sat in his gown халат and hood капюшон on a raised platform высокая платформа to keep an eye open for flagrant cheating ужасное мошенничество. He was helped by two or three uniformed porters привратник who stood by the door and looked dispassionately down at the poor victims, like the policemen that flank прикрыпа фланг the dock скамья подсудимых at the Old Bailey Центральный уголовный суд.3

Three hours were allowed позволен for the paper. About half-way through the anonymous examinees экзаменующийся began to differentiate приспосабливаться themselves. Some of them strode up перешагнуть for an extra дополнительный answer book, with an awkward неуклюжий expression of self-consciousness самосознание and superiority превосходство in their faces. Others rose to their feet, handed in подавать their papers and left. Whether these people were so brilliant they were able to complete the examination in an hour and a half or whether this was the time required назначенный for them to set down unhurriedly неспеша their entire полный knowledge of medicine was never apparent видимый, кажущийся, очевидный from the nonchalant air бесстрастное выражение лица with which they left the room. The invigilator

"надсмотрщик" tapped ударять his bell half an hour before time; the last question was rushed through быстро проводить, then the porters began tearing papers away from gentlemen dissatisfied недовольный with the period allowed for them to express themselves and hoping by an incomplete sentence to give the examiners the impression of frustrated прерванное brilliance великолепие.

I walked down the stairs feeling as if I had just finished an eight-round fight. In the square outside the first person I recognized was Grimsdyke.

"How did you get on?" I asked.

"So-so," he replied. "However, I am not worried. They never read the papers anyway. Haven't you heard how they mark the tripos4 экзамен для получения отличия (в

Кембридже) at Cambridge, my dear old boy? The night before the results come out

появляться the old don преподававтель totters колебаться bade цена, from hall and chucks цаплѐнок, пища, еда the lot down the staircase лестница. The ones that stick on включить, добавлять, держаться the top flight полѐт are given firsts,5 most of them end up on the landing посадка and get seconds, thirds go to the lower flight, and any reaching the ground floor are failed. This system has been working admirably for years without arousing any comment."

The unpopular oral examination was held a week after the papers. The written answers have a certain remoteness отдалѐнность about them, and mistakes and omissions упущение, like those of life, can be made without the threat опасность of immediate punishment. But the viva устный экзамен is judgement day. A false answer, and the god's brow threatens угрожать like imminent надвигающийся thunderstorm. If the candidate loses his nerve in front of this terrible displeasure he is finished: confusion breeds вызывать confusion and he will come to the end of his interrogation допрос struggling борясь like a cow in a bog трясина.

I was shown to a tiny крошечный waiting-room furnished with hard chairs, a wooden table, and windows that wouldn't open, like the condemned cell тюремная камера. There were six other candidates waiting, to go in with me, who illustrated the types fairly ясно commonly обычно seen in viva устный экзамен waiting-rooms. There was the Nonchalant, lolling back сидеть развалившись; стоять (облокотясь) в ленивой позе on the rear legs задняя стойка of his chair with his feet on the table. Next to him, a man of the Frankly Worried class sat on the edge на краю of his chair tearing little bits кусочки off his invitation card and jumping irritatingly раздражѐнно every time the door opened. There was the Crammer репетитор, натаскивающий к экзамену, fondling

лаская the pages of his battered потрѐпанный textbook in a desperate безысходный farewell прощальный embrace объятие, and his opposite противоположность, the Old Stager тѐртый калач, who treated относиться the whole thing with the familiarity of a photographer at a wedding. He had obviously failed the examination so often he looked upon the viva устный экзамен simply as another engagement приглашение to be fitted into быть готовым his day.

The other occupant of the room was a woman. Women students - the attractive ones, not those who are feminine only through inescapable неизбежный anatomic arrangements компоновка — are under disadvantage невыгодное положение in oral examinations. The male examiners are so afraid of being prejudiced favourably

снисходительно by their sex they usually adopt towards отноститьсч с пристрастием them an attitude позиция of undeserved незаслуженный sternness суровость. But this girl had given care to her preparations for the examination. Her suit was neat опрятный but not smart изящный; her hair tidy чистый but not striking производящий

впечатление; she wore enough make-up to look attractive, and she was obviously practising, with some effort, a look of admiring submission послушание to the male sex. I felt sure she would get through.

"You go to table four," the porter told me.

I stood before table four. I didn't recognize the examiners. One was a burly плотный,, elderly man like a retired отставной prize-fighter профессиональный боксѐр; the other was invisible, as he was occupied in reading the morning's Times.

"Well, how would you treat a case случай of tetanus столбняк?" My heart leaped прыгнуть hopefully. This was something I knew, as there had recently been a case at St. Swithin's. I started off взять старт confidentially по секрету, reeling out разматывая the lines of treatment and feeling much better. The examiner suddenly cut me short прервать.

"All right, all right," he said impatiently, "you seem to know that A girl of twenty comes to you complaining жаловаться of gaining рост weight, what would you do?" I rallied сосредоточить my thoughts and stumbled through запинаясь the answer...

The days after the viva устный экзамен were black ones. It was like having a severe accident. For the first few hours I was numbed оцепенелый, unable to realize what had hit me. Then I began to wonder if I would ever make a recovery удерживавться and win through преодолеть трудности. One or two of my friends heartened воодушевлять me by describing equally беспристрастно depressing тягостный experiences опыт that had overtaken овладевать them previously заранее and still всѐ же allowed them to pass. I began to hope. Little shreds капля of success collected together and weaved вплетаться themselves into a triumphal garland венок...

"One doesn't fail exams," said Grimsdyke firmly. "One comes down опускаться, one muffs промахиваться, one is ploughed пробиться с трудом, plucked провалиться, or pipped провалиться. These infer обозначать a misfortune that is not one's own fault. To speak of failing is bad taste дурной тон. It's the same idea as talking about passing away скончаться and going above instead of plain простой dying." The examination results were to be published at noon.

We arrived in the examination building to find the same candidates there, but they were a subdued м, muttering бормочущий crowd, like the supporters of a home team who had just been beaten in a cup tie матч на кубок.

We had heard exactly what would happen. At midday полдень precisely the Secretary of the Committee would descend спускаться the stairs and take his place, flanked примыкая by two uniformed porters. Under his arm would be a thick толстый, leathercovered book containing the results. One of the porters would carry a list of candidates' numbers and call them out, one after the other. The candidate would step up closely to the Secretary, who would say simply "Pass" or "Failed". Successful men would go upstairs to receive the congratulations and handshakes of the examiners and failures would slink красться miserably out of the exit to seek the opiate наркотический oblivion забвение.

One minute to twelve. The room had suddenly come to a frightening, unexpected silence and stillness, like an unexploded неразорвавшийся bomb. A clock tingled звенеть twelve in the distance вдали. My palms were as wet as sponges. Someone coughed, and I expected the windows to rattle трещать, проталкивать. With slow scraping скрипящий, шуршащий feet поступь that could be heard before they appeared the Secretary and the porters came solemnly торжественно down the stairs. The elder porter raised his voice.

"Number one hundred and sixty-one," he began. "Number three hundred and two. Number three hundred and six." Grimsdyke punched бить кулаком me hard in the ribs ребро, "Go on," he hissed шипеть. "It's you!"

I jumped and struggled протиснуться my way to the front of the restless беспокойный crowd. My pulse shot стрелять in my ears. My face was burning hot and

I felt my stomach had been suddenly plucked выдѐргивать from my body. Suddenly I found myself on top of the Secretary.

―Number three ohыр six?" the Secretary whispered, without looking up поднять глаза from the book. "R. Gordon?" "Yes," I croaked квакать.

справедливым и удобным для обеих сторон. Увы/Однако студенты-медики не могут видеть это в таком свете/так не считают.

Экзамены вызывают/[пробуждают] боевой дух/настрой; они – the most fair and

/заваливал экзамен, что (смотрел на)/считал устный экзамен просто как на ещѐ одно дело/обязанность, выпавшее/(ожидающую его) на/в этот день.

Ещѐ один обитатель этой комнаты – девушка. Привлекательные студентки, а не просто особы, принадлежащие к женскому полу в

Commentary

1St Bartholomew's, St. Swithin's Hospitals: medical schools in London.

2invigilator: a person who watches over students during examinations.

3Old Bailey: Central Criminal Court, situated in London in the street of the same name.

4the tripos: examination for an honours degree in Cambridge University.

5firsts, seconds, thirds: a system of grading degrees.

6the viva: an oral examination.

SPEECH PATTERNS

1. However, I'm not worried. They never read the papers anyway.

—You needn't worry about the meals. She never has anything for breakfast anyway.

—I'm sure she is perfect for you. Anyway, I didn't mean to imply she was deficient. 2. "His father will have заставить him go in for medicine,".the housemaster said. None can have him wear a formal dress for any function".

The examiner will have him give the proper answer. 3. Now that you are well again, you can travel.

Now that you are through with this problem you can do anything. Now that he's become a graduate student, he can go in for research.

Phrases and Word Combinations

to cheat in exams жульничать на экзамене to tick smth off отмечать что-л.

to swot up colloq. for to study зазубривать чтоб выучить

to keep an eye open for smth/smb наблюдать с особым вниманием to mark and grade the papers маркировать и сортировать документы to come out (about results) не выйти

to adopt an attitude of… принять позицию

…towards по отношению к

to get through выдержать экзамен

to cut smb short оборвать кого-л. на полуслове to rally one's thoughts собраться с мыслями

to call out names выкрикивать имена to raise one's voice повышать голос

ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY

1. annoy vt/i ; надоедать, раздражать, докучать, донимать, допекать, 1) to make a little angry, especially by repeated acts; to disturb and nervously upset a person, e. g. Wilfred did not want to pay too much attention to Fleur, he was afraid of annoying her.

Syn. vex, irk, bother