How can countries regulate their imports and exports? protectionism.

Trade involves the transfer of the ownership of goods or services from one person or entity to another in exchange for other goods or services or for money. Import means to bring in goods or materials from a foreign country for trade or sale. Export means to send or transport goods or materials abroad, especially for trade or sale.

At the beginning I would like to understand why governments try to control imports and exports of country. The main reason is that country enjoys an advantage if it exports more than it imports. To achieve this some countries create special programs to encourage exports. It can be programs that provide marketing information, establish trade missions, subsidize exports, and provide tax benefits or incentives. Government subsidies allow companies to sell products cheaply. Sometimes these subsidized companies export their products and sell them cheaply overseas. This practice is known as dumping. Dumping is selling on a foreign market at a price below the cost of production.

On the other hand, governments affect foreign trade imposing tariffs and quotas. A tariff is a tax on imported goods, and a quota is the maximum quantity of product that can be imported into the country. These measures are taken to protect the country's economy, since globalization can damage local industries if they are not competitive enough. For this reason, the new economic policy emerged. I mean protectionism, policy that prevents excessive imports. This is aimed at the preservation of the national production of goods and services. In addition to the introduction of tariffs and quotas protectionism includes support for strategic industries that are necessary for countries’ survival in the case of a war. Also tariffs and quotas help to avoid structural unemployment in industries where countries do not have comparative.

In conclusion I would like to say, that despite the fact that protectionism is often called a barrier to free trade, but these measures help to save the national economy.

Fair trade and its implications for developing and developed countries.

Trade involves the transfer of the ownership of goods or services from one person or entity to another in exchange for other goods or services or for money. Fair trade is a trade partnership, which principles base on interaction of openness and respect.

To preserve order in the world trade was necessary to create certain principles of its functioning. For these purposes, a fair trade appeared, it is an organized social movement which promotes decent standards for international labour and social policy in areas related to production of Fairtrade goods. The movement focuses in particular on exports from developing countries to developed countries. Fair trade’s strategic intent is to support marginalised producers and workers in order to help them stand on their own feet. It also aims at making them competitive in international trade.

Fair trade movement has own mark, that is an independent consumer label which appears on products as an independent guarantee that disadvantaged small scale producers in the developing world are getting a better deal. For a product to display the FAIRTRADE mark it must meet international Fairtrade standards. According to these standards, companies should focuses on safe and healthy working conditions; non-discrimination, which means gender equality; match the prices; creating opportunities for producers and financial transparency and accountability. Also Fair Trade companies care about the environment and try to use health care technologies.

To sum up I would like to say that is positive way for doing business today. This movement helps marginalized producers from developing countries to become competitive in international trade. And many companies from developed countries can be sure that there is fairness on the market.

EMPLOYMENT

KEY FACTORS FOR GETTING A JOB.

Employment is a relationship between two parties, usually based on a contract, one being the employer and the other being the employee.

Everyday people have faced with problem of search a job. Therefore there are several rules for people, which want to find a good job.

First of all it’s necessary always to have resume. Resume must is clearly and correctly made and emphasize the applicant's best characteristics. The good resume contains such information as qualification, experience, personality skills, marital status and education.

Of course, it’s necessary try to use all ways for search the job such as the newspapers, Internet and different specialized organizations. Also it’s very popular now to place the resume on the websites, such as job.ru.

When replying to an advertisement, candidates often fill in an application form and write a covering letter.

Sometimes candidates will take a psychometric test before the interview to assess their mental ability and reasoning skills.

The next key factor is an interview. In the interview the typical and common questions are: the witnesses and strength, the reasons of leaving the previous job and the ideas about the contribution to the company. Candidate must show himself with the best side, be calm and clearly answer on the questions. It must pep talks.

And at the end is probationary period. This is usually three or six months; after that they are offered a permanent post. Employee shows that he deserves this work. For example, come to work on time and fulfill all the orders.

To sum up I would like to say, that if you want to find your dream job you should honest understand your own strengths and weaknesses, as well as being interested in the work and be able to show it.