Vocabulary List

contaminate (v) - загрязнять spread (v) - распространять(ся)

determine (v) - определять afford protection - представлять

associate (v) - связывать защиту

predisposing factor - excitement – возбуждение

предрасполагающий фактор exhaustion– изнеможение, истощение

complication(n) - осложнениеirritate(v) - раздражатьsusceptible(adv) - восприимчивый incurable(adv) - неизлечимый recover(v) - выздоравливать

Exercise 4. Read and translate the text "Shipping Fever" Part. B

Exercise 5. Render the text, dwelling on the following points-

1. Районы распространения заболевания, тип скота, среди которого заболевание наиболее распространено.

2. Время года, условия для заболеваемости транспортной лихорадкой.

3. Факторы, возникающие при транспортировке скота, предрасполагающие к заболеванию.

4. Наиболее восприимчивые животные.

5. Значение хорошего физического состояния при заболевании транспортной лихорадкой.

Lesson 7

A. Malignant Edema

Malignant edema is a wound infection that usually is quickly, fatal. It is marked by painful gangrenous swellings and severely toxic symptoms.

It is caused by a spore-forming, rod shaped germ, Clostridium septicum. The organism resembles the germ that causes blackleg; both grow only in the absence of oxygen. Therefore the infection usually enters the body through wounds caused by puncture or laceration. The infection develops in the injured tissue.

The germs are widely scattered in the top layers of soil. Animals kept in dusty, unsanitary surroundings may get the disease following hypodermic injections, surgical operations, parturition and accidental wounds.

Horses, cattle, and sheep are most susceptible. Swine, dogs, and cats are rarely affected.

Malignant edema can be transmitted to rabbits, guinea pigs, white rats, mice and pigeons under experimental conditions.

Vocabulary List

malignant edema - злокачественный отек injury (n) – рана

pain (n) - боль, injure(v) - повредить, ранить

painful (a) - болезненный scatter (v) - распространять(ся)

swelling (n) - опухоль top (n) – верх

rod shaped (a) - палочкообразный layer (n) - слой

resemble (v) - напоминать soil (n) - почва

blackleg (n) - эмфизематозный (гангренозный) карбункул

dusty (a) - пыльный

absence (n) - отсутствие surroundings (n) pl.. - среда,

transmit (v) - передавать окружение

puncture (n) - прокол parturition (n) - роды

laceration (n) - разрыв accidental (a) - случайный

Exercise 1. Read, translate and analyse grammatically the text

"Malignant Edema" Part A.

Exercise 2. Read the text "Malignant Edema", and answer the following questions:

1. What is said about Clostridium septicum in the text?

2. What animals are susceptible to the disease?

Exercise 3. Answer the questions to the text in Russian and then in English:

1. Is malignant edema a wound infection?

1. Is the disease fatal?

2. What are the symptoms of the disease?

3. What is the cause of malignant edema?

4. How does the infection enter the body?

5. Are the germs scattered in the top layers of soil?

6. What animals are rarely affected with the disease?

B. Malignant Edema

The first symptoms of malignant edema are usually observed in 12 to 36 hours after the infection enters the body. There are hot, painful swellings at the points of infection, high fever and loss of appetite, a drop in milk secretion, severe depression, difficult breathing, and convulsions before death. Most affected animals die 1 or 2 days after the symptoms appear. Malignant edema is diagnosed with difficulty because it may be mistaken for blackleg, anthrax, haemorrhagic septicemia, or other types of gas edema.

Laboratory tests are the only conclusive method of distingui­shing malignant edema from similar types of infection. The following points of difference between malignant edema and blackleg may be of some help in making a tentative diagnosis. Malignant edema affects cattle of all ages. It generally starts from a wound. The gangrenous swellings appear at the point of injury. The swellings, which develop rapidly, are usually extensive and doughy; they pit when they are pressed and discharge a reddish, gelatin like substance mixed with gas bubbles when they are opened.

Blackleg affects young animals. It is rare in animals more than 2 years old. It is caused by minute, invisible puncture wounds. The swellings appear mostly over the muscles of the hind or front quarters, and emit a crackling sound on pressure. They discharge a frothy, dark-red exudate with an odor like that of rancid butter, when they are incised.