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2 :
& ! , ! !P # ;
& ! & & & " ( ! , # , " ,
& A !$% ! & & );
- , $ $% -
# A ;
? ,& # -! A & " & ! A" ;
% " !!% & & ;
A " % % # & ;
# A$% ;
" # " # -"-
# & ;
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2.> 4 # .
3." ? .
4.G # Q- " > 4 .
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« ! , ! , " ! ! ?! , $! "$ A & & . 9! :
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[ &$: # , ! " A , ! " A & # , # — & : & & , , # ! . 4 A # ",. ; ": $! , ! , , ! , A , ? ! , A , , ", & , , & [ ! ], , ", ! , " , ! ! . $ , A , -$% Q A $. A # :$! ", ", , & , ! & ", , , ", A . + # . + ,D , " # . 4 A # , # " A . + ! % " , & & A ", & & - "» (G . 5: 13—26).
! $! & $ $! $! @ / < " "
1. + & -& . > #- # # # ?
+ 0 #
O A $" $% . O-$ , & -# # , - & — .
= # -, & , -$ . > #-— . Q ,& A . ' ! A ( ) , , — $
$ A - . A & .
102
O & % " , & — " ( ! " ).
2. # !!$?
+ 0 #
" $% . !! , $ $- %$ " & " , . C # A A " , "-« A » ( ! A ) &-&.
> # # & !A , "-& $ & # , -
!$A & &.
O$ " " ! ,$ ,! & # # # ( % ), A A- .
3. O! " ? # "" # #?? # " "?
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>-#, & --& & !- . > ". & , " # & , ? A " ", ! " # # . , ? A - , % A , ! ? . > " & !$- ".
4. # " A A " ! -A # # & ?
+ 0 #
A ! " . > " A & & ! A A ", ? #! , - . > A ?$ ? ! $ ? ! ! - & & . # #A # # & .
< % # & , # -, ? " A- , A ? " # ! . > " - # ? A , .
> & A # & -" , ? - A .
5. + & 1998 &. - .
+ 0 #
& — "& 1998 &. , :
& " &, " # - ? # " & , # ? & ;
% ? &-! ,A & A
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( ), %$ A- # # ;
% & &! & « ».
& , A ! " A "– & " & & 1997 &.
6. # # ? O , ? ! ! !-, , "? .
+ 0 #
C $% . > #! ! - , ! # .& -$ ? ! ! ! .
> # -! ! , A # ! ! , A #.
= ? ! ! ! # # " ( 10%), # $- & ! ! # &-A A! .
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РАЗДЕЛ II
МИКРОЭКОНОМИКА
8. E +; ; E E
8.1.! , )
8.2.> -< )
8.3.( , , : -
8.4.& <-
8.5.- <-
8.1. E!$!" " , > G " " "
— & , $% " "$%& "$ -! .
&&"4" G" $! $!" "/
% -.
$ — - ? , " # , " , & , , , $ . .
$ — & , .
— -($% & - ) & " ( % &
).
% —(!$A ). , "$ #! , $ . + $ !, " # &.
106
— ,. O -& ! " " !- , !P , !P A. > , , -"$ !$% # 100 , —! ! 500 . > - " ! " -? ! 200 , " — 50 , #— 25 .
- $ - " ? $ - , # % !% ,. + -$ ! , !! ! ,% .
: " ! $!$!" " - , A % " . > - # & ! " & ( ! " ) -! .
!"* & ($! !& ) — ,& !P # ! # $# .% & , # " A ! " .
? % /& * & $
!% & "$;
!% " "$;
!% .
6 (666) — !% , " , -& , # A " # #. & !% $ & ! " ! # # .
6 A ! . + " "
107
& " ? . O!$ " & ! "% #, # "-!% . ! && " ! " !%A " - " # .
% ) — , - & ! A . —! & , A$% , # -! -! , .
E! "% & $! " ( ! ") — ! "-!P & A -# " ( , ! , ! , -! , &, & .),!P % # # .
E ! " #& " $! " - # $ & . - ! " — ! " !P & A $# "$ -" # # ! , % !P & %- # # .
8.2. A ! $! "% & $!$!" " " > $! "% & 4: G"
2 — , "-" # ! & &:
;
( A , , );
! ;
" ! & ? ;
( , , # & ).
108
G , ! A$%
E! "% & & " $! 4 !
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1 |
100 |
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100 |
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2 |
250 |
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125 |
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3 |
330 |
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110 |
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O$ & ! " 100, - & 250 — 100 = 150 " & 330 — 250 = 80.
( ! # ! ) ! " !P . & # "$ , ( ), .
8.3. :$/, &! "/, $! # / $! : : $" " &$& $&=
( ! ) ( & . total produkt — TP) & — - " A , # - # & # # & #. C -(L), ! TPL.
109
( & . average produkt — %=) - & — ? & - & " & . <
%= = |
'= |
. |
|
H &
4 ,$% :
APL = TPL .
L
< ,! , . . #$$ " " .
( & . marginal product — /=) - & — ! , " & "-$ " # .
" & A - " $% :
/= = |
'= |
. |
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H & |
4 & " L, !P — '=L, "-
/=L ! :
MPL = TPL .
L
" # - "$ " " .
8.4. + : J* / $! # / $! "% " # & " 4 ! $! "% &
> %$% - & , & " & A #!
( #! ) $
110