IV. Language

Exercise 10. Match the word combinations in column A with their equivalents in column B:

Data in terms of survey empirical roots comprehensible census survey sampling expertise descriptive statistics randomness observation inferential statistics vital justification inference probability distribution probability theory encompass pertain deduce

розподілення вірогідності здійснення вибірки (досліджуваної групи) життєво важливий теорія вірогідності індуктивна статистика, статистика виводу описова статистика охоплювати випадковість, довільність спостереження спеціальні знання, практичний досвід належати, стосуватися обґрунтування простежити; встановити походження в перекладі на, в термінах опитування, анкетування емпіричне коріння зрозумілий дані збір інформації, перепис населення висновок; припущення

Exercise 11. Make up the possible word combinations out of the following and translate them:

probability statistical survey mathematical applied inferential

methods theory statistics sampling models distribution

Exercise 12. Insert the suitable words and word combinations given below into the following sentences:

1…. is the study of the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of....

2. Statistical methods can be used for summarizing or describing a collection of data; this is called....

3. .... is a vital element of scientific advance, since it provides a means for drawing conclusions from data that are subject to random variation.

4. …. concerns both the logical arguments underlying justification of approaches to statistical inference, as well encompassing....

5. Statistics is closely related to....

6. Descriptive statistics and the application of inferential statistics together comprise...

V. Text understanding

Exercise 13. Agree or disagree with the statements. Correct the false statements.

Agreement: I agree with you; You are right; Certainly; Exactly so ; I fully support you

Disagreement: I can’t agree with you; I am afraid you are mistaken; Not quite so; This is not true; I disagree with the statement that…

1. Statistics deals with the planning of data collection in terms of the design of surveys and experiments.

2. Statistical methods can be used for summarizing or describing a collection of data; this is called applied statistics.

3. Statistics also provides tools for prediction and forecasting using data and statistical models.

4. Mathematical statistics includes only the manipulation of probability distributions necessary for deriving results related to methods of estimation and inference.

5. Descriptive statistics and analysis of the new data tend to provide more information as to the truth of the proposition.

Exercise 14. Find in the text the definitions to the following economic terms:

Statistics

mathematical statistics

descriptive statistics

Inferential statistics

applied statistics

theoretical statistics

Exercise 15. Answer the questions:

1. What does statistics deal with?

2. Can statistics be considered a branch of mathematics?

3. What is statistics applicable to?

4. Why is inference a vital element of scientific advance?

5. How is statistics related to probability theory?