The History of Law

The history of law of different communities has developed in distinct ways, reflecting the prevalent socio-political norms and values of the society which they regulate.

The history of the law of England and Wales has developed in tandem with the peculiarly English unwritten constitution, which sets out the broad principles on which the common law is based.

The United Kingdom is virtually alone amongst modern democratic states in not having a written constitution. This means that the sources of law in England are varied, and include not only the statutes that Parliament passes, but also the judicial decisions of judges on a case by case basis. This means that all three branches of the state, that is the executive, the legislature and the judiciary, all have a role to play in developing the history of the law. This collaborative system has developed throughout the history of the United Kingdom, and while the lack of any major single political upheaval has been cited as the reason the UK has not found the need for a written constitution, her history reveals much about her unique legal system.

One of the fundamental doctrines that is prevalent through the history of law in England is that of the supremacy of Parliament. This means that although all three branches of the state have a role to play in making the law, Parliament (that is, the legislative body) is the highest source of law.

VІI. Виконання післятекстових вправ.

1. Доберіть англійські відповідники до поданих слів:

1) law A) загальний, спільний

2) judicial B) соціально-політичний

3) community C) законний

4) broad principles D) суддя

5) socio-political E) унікальний

6) unique F) держава

7) collaborative G) суспільство

8) judge H) закон

9 ) state I) конституція

10) constitution J) загальні принципи

2. Складіть анотацію до тексту (дивіться План анотації).

План анотації

1. Назва статті (матеріалу): The title of the article (material) is…

The head-line of the article (material) is…

2. Автор статті (матеріалу): The author of the given article is…

The material is written by…

3. Джерело інформації (місце, дата видання):

The article was published in “The Times”, 7^th June, 2005.

The source of the material is…

4. Короткий зміст статті: The plot of the article:…

The article is about…

The material is devoted to…

The article deals with…

The author in the article raises a very serious (important, urgent) problem, concerning…

5. Структура статті (кількість абзаців, послідовність викладу матеріалу):

At first (firstly) the author gives information about…

Then the narrator writes about…

Finally he/she concludes that…

6. Цільова аудиторія: The article is written (prepared) mostly for…

It is going to be interesting for…

Список літератури:

1. Барановська Т.В. Граматика англійської мови. Збірник вправ /

Т.В. Барановська. – К.: ВП Логос-М, 2008. – 384 с.

2. Верба Л.Г. Граматика сучасної англійської мови/ Л.Г. Верба, Г.В. Верба. – К.: ТОВ Логос-М, 2007. – 352 с.