Vocabulary:

to track – выслеживать, находить

to to perform - выполнять

calculation – подсчет

to reside – находиться

to retrieve – извлекать

to process – обрабатывать

to store – хранить

to route – отправлять

output device – устройство вывода

reliability – надежность, достоверность

accuracy - точность

to embed – вставлять, внедрять

thereby – таким образом

mileage – расстояние в милях, пробег автомобиля на единицу расхода горючего

digitized sound – оцифрованный звук

circuitry – график, диаграмма, схема

application – приложение

to solve – решать

data – информация, данные

space shuttle – челночный воздушно-космический аппарат

sophisticated – сложный, усовершенствованный

to unscramble – дескремблировать (восстанавливать засекреченную речь)

TEXT № 3. HOW COMPUTERS WORK

TASK: Read and translate this text. Tell in brief the main principle of a computer work? Learn the vocabulary by heart.

The physical computer and its components are known as hardware. Computer hardware includes the memory that stores data and instructions; the central processing unit (CPU) that carries out instructions; the bus that connects the various computer components; the input devices, such as a keyboard or mouse, that allow the user to communicate with the computer; and the output devices, such as printers and video display monitors, that enable the computer to present information to the user. The programs that run the computer are called software. Software generally is designed to perform a particular type of task—for example, to control the arm of a robot to weld a car's body, to write a letter, to draw a graph, or to direct the general operation of the computer. (765)

Vocabulary:

hardware– аппаратное обеспечение

processingunit– устройство обработки, процессор

to carry out – выполнять

to run – управлять

software– программное обеспечение

toweld– объединять, сваривать

to draw – чертить, рисовать

TEXT № 4. The Operating System

TASK: Read and translate the following text. Learn the vocabulary by heart. Name the synonyms and the antonyms of the verb to be turned on.

When a computer is turned on it searches for instructions in its memory. Usually, the first set of these instructions is a special program called the operating system, which is the software that makes the computer work. It prompts the user (or other machines) for input and commands, reports the results of these commands and other operations, stores and manages data, and controls the sequence of the software and hardware actions. When the user requests that a program run, the operating system loads the program in the computer's memory and runs the program. Popular operating systems, such as Microsoft Windows and the Macintosh system (Mac OS), have a graphical user interface (GUI)—that is, a display that uses tiny pictures, or icons, to represent various commands. To execute these commands, the user clicks the mouse on the icon or presses a combination of keys on the keyboard. (887)