Problem-solving

Questions for group discussion:

1) Without what parts computer is unable to work?

2) What is the most expensive part of the hardware?

3) What other hardware devices do you know? What are they for? Do you know how to use them?

UNIT 5. STORAGE DEVICES

Word-building

Prefixes un-, il-, in-, non-, dis-, mis-

Префиксы un-, il-, in-, non-, dis-, mis- имеют отрицательное значение и указывают на отсуствие какого-либо свойства.

unusable-негодный, неиспользуемый

illegal- недопустимый

insufficient-недостаточный

non-volatile-энергонезависимый

disconnect- рассоединять

mismatch-не соответствовать

Но: internal-промежуточный, international-международный,

intermediate-промежуточный

Task 1 Translate into Russian:

unknown, uncommon, unlimited, unsuitable

inaccessible, invalid, incompatible, incorrect

illegal, illegible

disconnect,dissimilar, disable

mismatch, miscount, mistake

non-removable, non-stop, non-volatile

Task 2. Translate into English;

Международный, неправильный, соответствовать, неспособный, энергозависимый, неподходящий, необычный, неперемещаемый, похожий, соединять, без остановки, недействительный, ограниченный, несовместимый, доступный, неправильный подсчет, известный.

Task 3. Read and translate the text.

Hard disk drive

The hard disk drive inside your PC is like a filing cabinet. Instead of paper, it stores everything electronically. it can hold all the software that runs on your system and all your personal files. It’s a pretty important part of your computer.

A hard disk drive normally contains several disks. They’re stacked on top of each other. There are five in the diagram. The drive motor spins the disks very quickly. It runs all the time your PC is in use.

There’s a gap, a space, between each disk. We need the gaps so the read/write heads can move across the disk and reach all parts quickly. The head motor controls the read/write disks.

The space between the head and the disk surface is tiny. Even smoke of a cigarette can cause a crash. A crash is what happens when the head touches the surface of a disk. To keep out dust and smoke, the drive is inside a sealed case.

Task 4. Read and memorize the following words:

1. to need [ni:d] – нуждаться , требоваться

2. temporary[´tempƏrƏrı]- временный

3. permanent [´pƏ:mƏnƏnt] - постоянный

4. to lose (lost, lost) [lu:z, (lɔst, lɔst)] - терять

5. content(s) [´kɔntƏnt(s)] - содержание, содержимое

6. volatile [´vɔlƏtaıl] – энергозависмый, непостоянный, временный

7. non-volatile - энергонезависимый

8. firmware[´fƏ:mwεƏ] - программно-аппаратные средства; встроенные программы, микропрограммы

9. capacitor [kƏ´pæsıtƏ] - конденсатор

10. to require [re´kwaıƏ] – требовать

11. to refresh – обновлять отображаемую информацию, регенерировать, восстанавливать

12. non-contiguous- несвязанный, сопутствующий

13. to eliminate - устранять

14. storage –запоминание, память

Task 5. Read and translate the text.

MEMORY

Memory. Also called main memory. The working space used by the computer to hold the program that is currently running, along with the data it needs, and to run programs and process data. The main memory is built from RAM chips. Main memory is temporary, and is lost when the computer is turned off.

Cache memory. A high-speed buffer storage that is smaller than the main storage. The cache memory is a place that temporarily stores instructions and data.

Volatile memory. Memory that loses its content when the power is shut off. Any changes made to files must be saved to disk before the power is turned off or they will be lost.

Non-volatile memory or nonvolatile memory. Memory that does not lose its content when the power is turned off.

Random access memory. The kind of memory used for holding programs and data being executed is called random access memory or RAM. RAM differs from read-only memory (ROM) in that it can be both read and written. It is called volatile storage because the contents of RAM are lost when the power turned off. RAM is also sometimes called read-write memory or RWM.

Read-only memory. Memory that can be read but not changed. Read-only memory is non-volatile storage; it holds its contents even when the power is turned off. Data is placed in ROM only once, and stays there permanently. ROM chips are used for storage of the important software of the computer, called firmware.

Dynamic random access memory. (DRAM). A type of computer memory that is stored in capacitors on a chip and requires a refresh signal to be sent to it periodically.

Static random access memory. (SRAM). A kind of random access memory that requires a constant supply of power in order to hold its content, but does not require refresh circuitry as dynamic random access memory (DRAM) does. Static RAM is usually faster than dynamic RAM, but takes up more space and uses more power. It is used for the parts of a computer that require highest speed, such as cache memory.

Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory. (SDRAM). High-speed DRAM that adds a separate clock signal to the control signals. SDRAM can transfer bursts of non-contiguous data at 100 MBytes/sec, and has an access time of 8-12 nanoseconds. It comes in 64-bit modules: long 168-pin DIMMs.

Fast page mode memory (FPM DRAM). A kind of DRAM memory. Fast page mode improved upon the original page mode memory by eliminating the column address setup time during the page cycle.