
- •Contents
- •List of illustrations
- •List of tables
- •List of boxes
- •Foreword
- •Preface
- •Acknowledgements
- •1 Introduction
- •2 Key words in brand management
- •4 The economic approach
- •5 The identity approach
- •7 The personality approach
- •8 The relational approach
- •9 The community approach
- •10 The cultural approach
- •11 Taxonomy of brand management 1985–2006
- •Notes
- •Name Index
- •Subject Index

Brand Management
“Without question, branding is a complex management area that deserves study from a variety of different perspectives and academic traditions. By providing a multi-disciplinary approach, this textbook provides a welcome and invaluable resource for thoughtful students, scholars, and practitioners who want to fully understand branding and brand management.”
Kevin Lane Keller, Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth
“At last a book that cuts through the clutter about understanding brand and so clearly clarifies the brand concept. A book that superbly bridges the academic domain and enables practitioners use it to build brand equity.”
Leslie de Chernatony, Birmingham University Business School
“We think this is an excellent treatment of our topic. Thorough and complete, yet concise and very readable. We love the design and structure, both with regards to the seven approaches, as well as to the four layers within each approach.”
Albert M. Muniz, Jr., DePaul University and Thomas C. O’Guinn, University of Wisconsin
For over two decades it has been argued that the brand is an important value creator and should therefore be a top management priority. However, the definition of what a brand is remains elusive.
This comprehensive book presents the reader with an exhaustive analysis of the scientific and paradigmatic approaches to the nature of brand as it has developed over the last twenty years. Taking a multidisciplinary approach and offering an exhaustive analysis of brand research literature, it delivers a thorough understanding of the managerial implications of these different approaches to the management of the brand.
Brand Management: Research, theory and practice fills a gap in the market, providing an understanding of how the nature of brand and the idea of the consumer differ in these approaches, and offers in-depth insight into the opening question of almost every brand management course: ‘What is a brand?’
Tilde Heding and Charlotte F. Knudtzen both lecture in strategic brand management at Copenhagen Business School. Tilde and Charlotte have published widely, while also running their own brand management consultancy, Heding & Knudtzen. Mogens Bjerre is associate professor of Marketing at Copenhagen Business School. He has published extensively in the fields of franchising, key accounts management, strategic relationship marketing and retailing.

Brand Management
Research, theory and practice
Tilde Heding, Charlotte F. Knudtzen
and Mogens Bjerre
First published 2009 by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge
270 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2008.
“To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.”
© 2009 Tilde Heding, Charlotte F. Knudtzen and Mogens Bjerre
Typeset in Times New Roman by Saxon Graphics Ltd, Derby Printed and bound in Great Britain by MPG Books, Bodmin
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Heding, Tilde.
Brand management : research, theory and practice / Tilde Heding, Charlotte F. Knudtzen and Mogens Bjerre.
p. cm.
ISBN 978–0–415–44326–5 (hbk.) – ISBN 978–0–415–44327–2 (pbk.) – ISBN 978–0–203–99617–1 (ebook) 1. Brand name products–Management. 2. Branding (Marketing) I. Knudtzen, Charlotte F. II. Bjerre, Mogens, 1959III. Title.
HD69.B7H43 2008 658.8 27–dc22 2008021896
ISBN 0-203-99617-8 Master e-book ISBN
ISBN10: 0–415–44326–1 (hbk)
ISBN10: 0–415–44327-X (pbk)
ISBN10: 0–203–99617–8 (ebk)
ISBN13: 978–0–415–44326–5 (hbk)
ISBN13: 978–0–415–44327–2 (pbk)
ISBN13: 978–0–203–99617–1 (ebk)
Contents
|
List of illustrations |
vii |
|
List of tables |
x |
|
List of boxes |
xi |
|
Foreword Leslie de Chernatony |
xiii |
|
Preface |
xv |
|
Acknowledgements |
xvii |
PART I |
|
|
Setting the scene |
1 |
|
1 |
Introduction |
3 |
2 |
Key words in brand management |
9 |
3 |
Overview: brand management 1985–2006 |
20 |
PART II |
|
|
Seven brand approaches |
27 |
|
4 |
The economic approach |
29 |
5 |
The identity approach |
47 |
6 |
The consumer-based approach |
83 |
7 |
The personality approach |
116 |
8 |
The relational approach |
151 |
9 |
The community approach |
181 |
10 |
The cultural approach |
207 |
vi Contents
PART III |
|
Taxonomy |
243 |
11 Taxonomy of brand management 1985–2006 |
245 |
Index |
260 |
List of illustrations
1.1 |
The logic of the approach chapters |
5 |
1.2 |
A readers’ guide |
6 |
4.1 |
The brand–consumer exchange of the economic approach |
31 |
4.2 |
Assumptions of the economic approach |
34 |
4.3 |
Supporting themes of the economic approach |
35 |
4.4 |
Core theme and supporting themes of the economic approach |
39 |
4.5 |
Theoretical building blocks of the economic approach |
40 |
4.6 |
Relation between price and demand |
42 |
4.7 |
Methods and data of the economic approach |
43 |
5.1 |
Sources of brand identity |
50 |
5.2 |
Assumptions of the identity approach |
55 |
5.3 |
Supporting themes of the identity approach |
56 |
5.4Brand identity: the core theme and alignment frameworks
|
of the identity approach |
60 |
5.5 |
Alignment of the strategic stars of brand identity |
62 |
5.6 |
Theory of the identity approach |
64 |
5.7 |
Manifestations of organizational identity (culture) |
67 |
5.8 |
Methods and data of the identity approach |
70 |
5.9 |
Drivers of the alignment process of brand identity |
71 |
5.10 |
Managerial implications of the identity approach |
77 |
6.1 |
The brand resides in the mind of the consumer |
85 |
6.2The computer is the central metaphor of man in cognitive
|
psychology |
86 |
6.3 |
Assumptions of the consumer-based approach |
87 |
6.4Supporting themes and the core themes of the consumer-based
approach |
88 |
6.5Simple associative network spreading from the node
|
Volkswagen |
89 |
6.6 |
The three forms of cognition applied to brands |
90 |
6.7 |
Dimensions of brand knowledge |
93 |
6.8 |
Associations spreading from the node ‘Seven up’ |
96 |
6.9‘Seven up’ brand associations adapted to the customer-based
brand equity framework |
97 |
viii |
List of illustrations |
|
6.10 |
Theory of the consumer-based approach |
98 |
6.11 |
Methods and data of the consumer-based approach |
103 |
6.12Dualistic mechanisms of the consumer-based approach
|
influencing the managerial implications |
104 |
6.13 |
Managerial implications of the consumer-based approach |
109 |
7.1 |
Brand personality construct |
119 |
7.2 |
Assumptions of the personality approach |
121 |
7.3 |
Supporting themes of the personality approach |
122 |
7.4 |
Brand behaviour |
123 |
7.5 |
Consumer self construct |
125 |
7.6The brand–self exchange of symbolic brand value in the
|
market place |
128 |
7.7 |
Core theme of the personality approach: brand personality |
129 |
7.8 |
Dimensions of brand personality |
130 |
7.9 |
Theory of the personality approach |
133 |
7.10 |
Methods and data of the personality approach |
138 |
7.11 |
Brand personality dimensions, traits and brand behaviour |
142 |
7.12 |
Brand–self congruence of Chanel No. 5 |
144 |
7.13 |
Managerial implications of the personality approach |
147 |
8.1 |
‘Dyadic’ brand–consumer relationship |
154 |
8.2 |
Assumptions of the relational approach |
156 |
8.3 |
Supporting themes and core theme of the relational approach |
157 |
8.4Preliminary model of brand relationship quality and its effects
|
on relationship stability |
163 |
8.5 |
Theoretical building blocks of the relational approach |
165 |
8.6 |
Methods and data of the relational approach |
170 |
8.7 |
Managerial implications of the relational approach |
176 |
9.1 |
The ‘brand triad’ |
183 |
9.2 |
Assumptions of the community approach |
185 |
9.3 |
Supporting themes of brand community |
186 |
9.4Conceptualization of the community in the sociological
|
tradition |
187 |
9.5 |
Brand community construct |
188 |
9.6 |
Theoretical building blocks of the community approach |
191 |
9.7 |
Methods and data of the community approach |
196 |
9.8 |
The marketer as observer of a brand community |
198 |
9.9 |
The marketer as facilitator of a brand community |
201 |
9.10 |
Managerial implications of the community approach |
203 |
10.1 |
Scope of the cultural approach |
210 |
10.2 |
Assumptions of the cultural approach |
213 |
10.3The core theme, its supporting theme, the societal comment
|
on brand icons and the future brand scenario |
214 |
10.4 |
The movement of meaning |
215 |
10.5 |
Iconic brands are brands that have become cultural icons |
217 |
10.6 |
Theoretical building blocks of the cultural approach |
224 |
|
List of illustrations |
ix |
10.7 |
Research methods of the cultural approach |
227 |
10.8 |
Methods and data of the cultural approach |
228 |
10.9 |
The cultural brand management process |
229 |
10.10 |
Managerial implications of the cultural approach |
235 |
11.1 |
Taxonomy of brand management 1985–2006 |
246 |
11.2 |
Two dimensions and four brand management paradigms |
252 |
11.3 |
The logic of the approach chapters |
257 |