MINISTRY OF HEALTH OF UKRAINE

Kharkiv National Medical University

 

Approved

on the methodical meeting Department of Oncology

Head of Department

MD, professor Starikov VI

'28"August 2011

 

 

A methodical DEVELOPMENT

For independent work of students

 

Course 5

Faculty of Medicine (specialty "General Medicine", "Pediatrics", "Prophylactic medicine")

Study Subject: Oncology

Module number 1

Content module № 3

Subject: № 9. Cancer of kidney, ureter, bladder

number of training hours -5

 

Kharkiv 2011

Topic.

Against the background of a significant overall increase in cancer incidence observed increase in the incidence of kidney cancer. In Ukraine in 2000 with kidney cancer was 8.0 per 100 000 population. Mortality was 4.3 per 100,000 population. This mortality up to 1 year was 37%, and 5-year survival - 37.7%. In the Donetsk region, these figures are worse than in the whole of Ukraine. Accordingly, the incidence is 8.9 per 100 000 population, and the annual mortality rate - 46.3%. An important aspect of the problem is the low effectiveness of treatment because of late and untimely appeal and detection. One reason for this situation may be insufficient knowledge questions doctors of various specialties. Knowledge of pathology and management of medical diagnostic equipment to significantly improve the situation.

Tumors of the ureter - a rare tumor of the urinary tract, which manifest themselves hematuria and subrenalnoyi symptoms of obstruction, often chronic, as slow growth. The vast majority of malignant tumors and often only represent transitional cell carcinoma (PAC). Squamous cell carcinoma occurs only rarely in chronic inflammation and infection.

Specific risk factors - abuse analgesics, papillary necrosis and "Balkan" nephropathy. smoking is a risk factor for PAC vs.ih bodies covered urothelium.

Against the background of a significant overall increase in cancer incidence observed increase in the incidence of bladder cancer (RSM). In Ukraine in 2000 RSM was 9.6 per 100 000 population. Mortality up to 1 year - 33.6%, 5 year survival - 38%. Special treatment for covered only 61.6%. In the Donetsk region indicators are worse than the average for Ukraine. Incidence of 10.6 per 100 000, mortality up to a year - 37.3%, special treatment reached 58.5%. An important aspect of the problem is the low effectiveness of treatment because of late and untimely appeal and detection. One reason for this situation may be insufficient knowledge questions doctors of various specialties. Knowledge of pathology and management of medical diagnostic equipment to significantly improve the situation.

Overall objective: to be able to diagnose and treat tumors kidney, ureter, bladder

Know:

Clinical picture of benign tumors of the kidney, ureter, bladder.

Pathological anatomy, risk factors for cancer of the kidney, ureter, bladder.

Classification, clinical manifestations, complications, diagnosis of cancer of the kidney, ureter, bladder.

Methods of treatment of cancer of the kidney, ureter, bladder.

Be able to:

Contents of training

Theoretical questions to topics that must learn studentyi: 1. Clinical symptoms of cancer of the kidney, ureter, bladder. 2. Diagnosis of tumors of the kidney, ureter, bladder. 3. Classification of tumors of the kidney, ureter, bladder. 4. Question metastasis 5. Epidemiology of tumors of the kidney, ureter, bladder, morbidity and mortality in cancer kidney, ureter, bladder, etiological factors and Precancer disease pathogenesis. 6. The principles and tactics tumors kidney, ureter, bladder, and long-term results of treatment of tumors of the kidney, ureter, bladder, diagnosis and treatment of recurrences and metastases. 7. Predisposing factors and precancerous conditions, prevention. 8. Examination of disability, prognosis, rehabilitation patients

 

There tumor renal parenchyma and renal pelvis:

A. Benign: adenoma, lipoma, fibroma, leiomyoma, hemangioma, a tumor of the dermis.

B. Malignant tumors adenokartsinoma, sarcoma, Wilms tumor mixed.

V. Metostatychni kidney tumors.

II. Tumors of the renal pelvis.

A. Benign tumors papilloma, endometrioma.

B. Malignant tumors: papillary carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, sarcoma.

Epidemiology. Incidence of kidney tumors is 2-3%. Men are twice as likely to suffer from women. Among malignant tumors of the kidney parenchyma dominates adenocarcinoma.

Causes of kidney tumors studied enough. It is believed that the balance of estrogen leads to the development of kidney tumors, and tumors can occur under the influence of radiant energy.

PatAnatomy. Malignant tumors of the kidney with a rounded shape, m  yakoelastychnu texture sizes up to 15 - 20 cm. Characteristically for hipernefromy sprouting kidney and inferior vena cava as a "tongue", metastases to the lungs, liver, brain, bone metastases lymphogenous - in perirenal nodes.