MINISTRY OF HEALTH OF UKRAINE

Kharkiv National Medical University

 

Approved

on the methodical meeting Department of Oncology

Head of Department

MD, professor Starikov VI

'28"August 20, 11

 

 

A methodical DEVELOPMENT

For independent work of students

 

Course 5

Faculty of Medicine (specialty "General Medicine", "Pediatrics", "Prophylactic medicine")

Study Subject: Oncology

Module number 1

Content module № 1

Subject: № 4. Cancer of the colon and rectum

number of training hours -5

 

Kharkiv November 2011

Topic.

Over the past decade there has been growing incidence of colorectal cancer in the world. The high incidence observed in Western Europe and North America: USA - 17.7 cases per 100 thousand population, of Denmark - 17.0, UK - 16.7; Canada - 14.1. In Asia and Africa, this pathology is less common (Senegal - 1.5; Sri Lanka - 1.0). In the last years there has been a steady increase in incidence of rectal cancer in the world. High incidence in Western Europe and North America and low - in Asia and Africa. Over the past decade, significantly increased the incidence and Ukraine. In the 90 years she is 14-15 cases per 100 thousand population. In Eastern Europe, the incidence of colon cancer has increased over the past 30 years, almost 4 times. In Ukraine, in the 90 years the incidence is 15-17 cases per 100 thousand population.

In several countries of Western Europe and America (U.S., UK, Australia, etc.). Colorectal cancer is a serious problem. Incidences he ranked third in men after lung cancer and prostate cancer. For colorectal cancer mortality in men is second only to lung cancer in women - the third after lung cancer and breast cancer.

 

Study objective: To raise the level of theoretical and practical training of students with problems colon cancer (ROK) and rectum (CRC) cancer, namely epidemiological factors Pathology with clinical forms and means of modern special treatment.

Know:

Epidemiology, etiology ROCK, precancerous.

Pathological anatomy ROCK.

Classification ROCK in stages.

Symptoms of various clinical forms ROCK.

Diagnostics ROC.

Treatment ROCK.

Restorative treatment ROCK.

Predisposing factors, case rate for colorectal cancer (CRC).

Pathological anatomy and how regional metastazuvannnya PKK.

Clinical manifestations and clinical course PKK complications.

Methods of diagnosis, differential diagnostics PKK.

Treatments PKK depending on the location of the tumor.

Be able to:

Conduct review of patient ROCK, medical history and its analysis.

Perform superficial and deep palpation of the abdomen.

Work plan and examination of the patient, based on a survey of the patient, formulate clinical diagnosis and treatment plan for the patient ROC.

Conduct medical history of the patient on the PKK and analyze it.

Conduct digital examination of the rectum.

Work plan and examination of the patient, based on a survey of the patient, formulate clinical diagnosis and treatment plan.

 

Marked relationship colon cancer with the nature of power. Foods with a high content of protein and fat is favorable for the emergence of this disease. Has the value and duration of contact with carcinogens intestinal epithelium, depending on the intestinal passage. Smoking also increases the risk of disease.

Different parts of the colon tumor affects the process differently. Often happens cancer cecum - 20-25%, sigmoid colon cancer 10-12%, ascending colon 10-12%, descending colon 8-10%, 4-12% lumbar colon, hepatic and splenic angles of 5-7%.

Macroscopically differentiated exophytic, endophytic and mixed (mezofitnu) form of tumor growth. Symptoms of colon cancer varied. It is due to anatomical shape of the tumor and associated with certain anatomofiziolohichnymy differences between certain parts of the colon. Some symptoms are often present in tumors of the right half (pain, anemia, diarrheal symptoms palpabelnist tumor symptoms of inflammation), others occur more frequently in lesions of the left half of the large intestine (obstruction, enterocolitis, abnormal discharge). Expedient but highlight clinical forms in the form of the disease occurs: 1. Constrictive form. 2. Enterokolitychna form. 3. Anemic form. 4. Diarrheal form. 5. Psevdozapalna form. 6. Tumoral form. 7. Pain shape.

For diagnostics used: an objective examination of the patient, laboratory tests (complete blood count, fecal occult blood), X-ray, fibrokolonoskopiya, laporoskopiyu.

Discussion of additional examination methods, rationale and preliminary clinical diagnoses made ​​in navchaniy room in the absence of the patient.