Lab_1
.pdf’ – ++ © . .
1.
: ++.Visual Studio .NET Borland Builder C++ -++
: Visual Studio .NET Borland C++ Builder.
1./0 1 /++. / ANSI/ISO C++.
2.7 189 : ; 1 /++.
3./ 18 0 Visual Studio .NET.
4./ Visual Studio .NET.
5./ 0 18 0, 1 @ .
6.B 0 1 ; 18 C .
7./ Borland C++ Builder.
8.
1. /0 1 /++. / ANSI/ISO C++.
F : ; 0 / ’: ,1 H , ; 18, 0 1 @0 . / 1 ; 1 01 , 1 ; 0 . I 1 : 1 :, 1 . B 00 /. 1989 @ K 8 0 L @ 18 0 M / (ANSI) 0 X3J11 1 1: 18 C
0 ; / (ANSI C). |
|
|
|
R ; : S @ : / (ISO) 1990, |
|
||
0 0 0 ; 0 |
|
ANSI/ISO |
9899. U1 UNIX @ ; 0W 8 POSIX(Portable Operating System Interface – 18 H @ C ) – . B ; @ 1 /++,ANSI/ISO /++.
a : /++ 1 W : 1 8 , W ’ ; : . U1 : /++(/): 0 0 , : ( @ 0 ) 0, 1 @ :, 0 , ; , ; 1 ; 1 1 . U1 : /++ 1 , 1 : 8 0 , 1 . c 1 1 C 1 ;0 8 W 1 ; , ;9 0 1 . c 1 0: 8 1 ( ) @ C0 ’: . /8 189 0;: /++(/) 1 0 ’: , @ 0 Intel (IA32, IA-64), 0 @ Windows Xa, Windows 2000, Windows2003, Windows Vista, Windows 7 ; : 8 Visual Studio Visual Studio .NetH Microsoft, C++ Builder – Borland(CodeGear), Intel C++ Compiler – Intel, Open Watcom C/C++ – Watcom MinGW 1 G++ ( 1 C++ 1GNU -GNU Compiler Collection, GCC) 1 1 8 Unix Linux @ ). B ; W , Eclipse, 0: 8 1 /++.
1
’ – ++ © . .
2. 7 189 : ; 1 /++.
Microsoft Visual Studio. c 0; @ , 1: W 1 C++ 1 @ Windows 1 Hi : Microsoft. ci 1 iC 6.0 Microsoft 1 W 0 1:@ : : 1 : 1 : .NET. k @8 0 ; i ; 18 1 C 1 MFC WinForms. c @:W 18 1 H Windows.
Borland C++ Builder. @ CodeGear ( 1 C Embarcadero Technologies, 9 1 ; Borland Software Corporation, Inprise Corporation ) 1 C++. c @:W 1 H i Windows.
Eclipse. / H : IBM. / : 1 Java 1 0 i i 0 i : 1 i i 1 W 1 i , 0 0 1i C++. U1 i1 @iC 0W i9 i i1 , 1 GCC.
ci 0W 1 H : Linux, Windows, MacOS X, Solaris, AIX, QNX.
KDevelop. 5 i 1 KDE, 0W 8 UNIX Linux - 1 H i . 0W 1 GCC.
3. / 18 0 Visual Studio .NET.
P 1 @ 18 0( 1. Integrated Development Environment) Visual Studio .NET.
U1 18 0 0 :
•;0W Visual Studio .NET;
•0 : File – New – Project … ( 0 Ctrl+Shift+N);
•0 1 0 , ’ 8 ( . 1.1), Win32 Project;
•1 Name 0 0. U1 1 0, “FirstPrj” – 0 C, 0 0W Location, 0 1 : 0 („FirstPrj”);
•1 , : Ok, W 8 1 1 9 0 0 ( .1);
•1: 9 8 1 0 Application Settings, W Console application ( , 0 18 ) 1:W @8 Empty project ( 0 0 0 ) Precompiled header ( 0W0 );
•W Finish – 9 9 0 .
2
’ – ++ |
© . . |
a 1.
4. / Visual Studio .NET.
x ( 1. Integrated Development Environment,– IDE) Visual Studio .NET ( 1 VS .NET) 1 W : , 0 , 1: , ’ 0 1 ;0 , 1 , .
a 1 H0 @ C 0 - VS .NET:
3
’ – ++ |
© . . |
4.1.y1 0 0 : File 1 : 8:
•: ( : New) 9 (Open) , H 1 , 0 , ;
•1 0 @ (Save selected items, Save selected items as... , Save All);
•: 0 0 (Page setup...) 0 0 (Print...);
•9 ( 0 91 0 H 10 „ 0 0”) H 1 , 0 @: ;
•0 0 (Exit).
4.2.k : 0 : Edit 0 ; :
•/ (Undo/Redo) 0 @ 0 @ C;
•@: 0H 0 (Clipboard): , : , , 1 (Cut/Copy/Paste/Delete) 1 ;
•90 , ; H 0 9 H (Find and Replace); H0 @ W: C H 0 9 0 0 0 0,0 W 8 0 0 H 1 (H 1 );
•: H 0 0 (Advanced), @: 1 (Bookmarks), .
4.3.c0 : View 1 : 8 0(Solution Explorer, Class View, Resource View, etc.), ;(Show Tasks), 1: / 1: 1 0 1
4
’ – ++ |
© . . |
0 (Toolbars), 1: ; ;(Full Screen), ; 0 9 @ C.
4.4. 1 0, 1 @ , 1 ; :W 8 : 0 Project, Build Debug. k , : : Project ; :
•1 / 0 0 (Add Class…, Add Resource...);
•/ 0: ’W 0 (Add New Item…, Add Existing Item…);
•0 0 0 0 (New Folder);
c0 : Build 1 0 (Build…, Rebuild…, Clean…), C (Batch Build…), 1 C H 0 @ C (Configuration Manager…) 1 @ C C 0 (Compile).
L 1 ; 0 :W 8 : 0 : Debug. M 0 W ;1 :
•1: / 1: 0 1 ; (Windows), 1 , ; / 0 8 (Immediate), 0 (Breakpoints), ; 0 (Call Stack), ;
•0 0 0 ; (Start Without Debugging) 0 ; 1 ; (Start);
•0 – 0 – 0 (Step Into, Step Over, Step Out);
•0 9 @ C, ’ 1 ; 0.
4.5.c0 Tools 1 : 1 W 0 ; ( 1 ), 8 1 0 0 VS .NET (ActiveX Control Test Container, Error Lookup, Spy ++, . .), @: ( 0 Macros), 1:(Customize…, Options…), .
4.6.k : : Window 0 ; :
•: 0 H 10 (New Window);
•1 1 (Split);
•0 (Cascade, Tile Horizontally, Tile Vertically) ;
•9 1: ; (Windows…).
4.7.c0 Help 1 : 10; 8 1 1 0 (Contents…) : (Index…), 90 0 1: 1 (Search…), ; / 1: 1 C (Dynamic Help), ; H @ C 0 : (About Microsoft Visual C++…), ; C VS .NET (Show Start Page), 1 8 C (Check for Updates) C (Technical Support).
5./ 0 18 0, 1 @ .
P 1 @ 1 @ C 18 0 IDE VS .NET. L ; , 0 8 0, 1@ 0 1 ; :
5
’ – ++ |
© . . |
// 6 7 8 9 7 ++.
#include "stdafx.h" #include<iostream> using namespace std;
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[])
{
const int MAX=100;
double A[MAX],B[MAX],C[MAX]; int nA,nB,nC,i,m;
do{
cout<<" Input number N <"<<MAX<<endl; cin>>nA;
}
while(nA<0 || nA>MAX); nB=nC=0;
for(i=0;i<nA;i++)
{
cout<<"A["<<i<<"]="; cin>>A[i];
}
do {
cout<<" Input index m ( 0<=m<="<<nA-1<<") "<<endl; cin>>m;
}
while(m<0 || m>=nA); for(i=0;i<nA;i++)
if(A[i]>A[m]) B[nB++]=A[i]; else C[nC++]=A[i];
cout<<" Rezult "<<endl; cout<<" B : "<<endl; for(i=0;i<nB;i++)
cout<<B[i]<<"\t"; cout<<"C "<<endl;
for(i=0;i<nC;i++) cout<<C[i]<<"\t";
cin>>i;
cout<< "Exit\n"; return 0;
}
/ :W 18 . B 0 0 00 (File – Save Ctrl+S).
S ; , 9 1 @ C. k ;0W 0 1 @ :(Debug – Start Without Debugging Ctrl+F5). ~ 1 010 0 18 0 , 0 0 0 Output/Error List 0 H @ 1 .
6.B 0 1 ; 18 C / 9 18 0, 1 @ .
x (IDE) Visual Studio .NET 32-
1 Visual C++ 1 Windows 1 H .NET.
• H Windows 1 0, IDE VS .NET 1 189 0; H , 1 : 8 0 H 1 , 0: 8 0 . M 1 /++ H Microsoft, @ 1 H H 0 Windows. M 1 ///++ 1 : 8, 8 @8 0 , , 0 0 ( 1: 0 ), 1 0.
M1: 0 0 0 W 18H 10 0. M 1 Microsoft Visual C ++ 0W H 1 0 9 .sln( .dsp prj )
6
’ – ++ |
© . . |
L 1 ;0 0 : Debug( 1 ; ). 0 1 ;0 1 8 0 0 0 ; , 0 : .
c ; 0 1 ;0 1 0 8 1: 0: 0 H @ :, 0 1 1 . I ; : 1 1 0 / (Debug – 1 ; , @ C 0 : H @ W 1 ; , Relese – 1: C H @ C).
~ 8 1 , Build Rebuild W 8 1 8, : 8 1 . M ; 1 W 8 H 10. I ' – , 18 0 ; Windows-0 8 H 1 .
0 ' H 10 1 W , 1 1; . /1 , 1 error ( 1 ) warning ( ; ) 1 .
c 0 ; ; 0 , 1 1 8, W 1 . • ; 0 0 1 8 81 C C 1 .
c ; ;0 8 1///++.
‚ ; 8 ; 0 0 9 9 : 0. I ; 0:.
c 1 1 0 0 1 8 1 ; 8 0 0 0 1 0 .
0 ; 1 @ 0 9 9 : @8 ,9 9 : Windows 1 @ 0 9 H 10. L 1890 91 – 1 @ 0 1 : : 9 0 11 0 1 , 0 . c @8 0 1 C . L 1 90 <Enter> 1 0 1 1 0, ; 1 018 0. c0 8- 0 0 W .
R ;1 ; 1 ;0 Start Debug ( 1 ; ), Step Into ( 0), Step Over ( : 0). B ; 1 ; 0 0 Step Out ( ). c @0 1 W 9 , ; . c 1 ;; Step Into 1 0: , 0 0 0 C. / 1 9 0W 8 0 H0 @ W: 0 1 0 , 0 0 . ~ 18 W 8 1 ; , : :W 8 , 1 W 189 9 ;1 1 ; .
;1 1 ; W 0 (breakpoints), 1 : 8 0 , @ ,@8 @ ; : 8 18 1C W ; .
B 0 0 ; : Toggle Breakpoints – F9 : Debug .
A B 9 Debug:
M Step Into – , 0 H0 @ .
M Step Over – 1 W ; 0 0, 10 H0 @ .
7
’ – ++ |
© . . |
M Continue – ;0W .
M Stop Debugging – W 1 ; , W; .
M Restart – W 1 ; , :; . I , 1 1 ; , @8 0 0 1 8 .
M QuickWatch…- W 1 0, 1 W W 1 : . F 9 8 ; 0 0 0 QuickWatch, C 0 0 @ : 1 9 <Shift>+<F9>. 9 1 0 8 . M Add ( ) 1 W 0 0 0 . M Recalculate ( 0 ) 1 W 0 CC 1 Expression ( ).
U1 1 0 8 ; 0 1 0 Variables. • 8 1 0 (0 1 ) @ ( 0 ). c 9 9 : 9 1 0 0 ; 8 @89 ' C, ; 1 0 CC. L C 9 @8 0 8 1 : :, 0 0 ; 1 0 – C (decimal) 9 @ C (hexadecimal).
M Continue(Start Debug) : Debug ( 1 ; ) – ;0W0 , 1 ; 0 0 .
M 0 Continue(Start Debug) ; : C 1 C1 0 Debug ( 1 ; ). B 0 ;0 8 0 1 1 ; Windows- 0 : 0 W 9 0 C H0 @ C , 0W 8 Continue(Start Debug) 1 0 ; 0 0. c1 ; ; @ WC H0 @ C 1 8 1 ;1 8 1 ; . k 0 9 0 Continue, 0 0 C 0 , 1 ; ; 1 ; , 00 ; 0 0 0 ; 0 H0 @ :.
c 1: ; 1 ; :, 0W 8 ;: @ C 1 9 <Alt>+<Tab>.
8. J K LM N L Borland C++ Builder.
1.k ; :W 8 : 1 0 1
C++Builder 5, ( : OPQ … ).
2.c 1 0 0 W 8 : • 1 – ++ Builder 6
Project1, ’W – Object Inspektor, H – Form1,0 – Unit1.cpp. K – Form1: .1.1.
3. U1 0 9 C N RKL S K N T L U P L ;( ) 0 V W. @ @ : 8 H 1 ( : 8 9 *.cpp, *.h, *.hpp), H 1 0 ( 9 *.res) ( W 8 0 0 H . 8 0 0: , 0 , ), H 1 0 ( W 9 *.bpr) ( H 1 H XML, 8 @ C 0, , H 1 1: 8 0 8), H 1 H ( 9 *.dfm) ( H 1,
8
’ – ++ |
© . . |
8 H @ : H . M ; 0 H 10 H W H 1*.cpp). C++Builder W 0 18 : : 0 , @ W,1 H 0 LU N XX YQ K K Z V L.
[ T , M N T L W Z V L, S K :
3.1./ 0 [Local Drive]\Students\#Group\#Student\ #(Name)Job. L 1 : D:\Student\821\02\03. c 0 0 03, D – ’ 0.
3.2. k H 1 0: |
File->Save |
Project |
As… |
0 |
|
0 0 |
( 9 0 |
0 |
D:\Student\211\02\03), |
’ |
H 10 Unit1 Project1 1 9 ( 1 0 ). L 0 J S L Y.
3.3.c W 8 0. U1 @8 0( “Play” : Run 1 9 F9),018 W H . U1 90, 0 : Run->Program Reset.
4./ “ 18 ” 0.
4.1.k 0 File->Close All.
4.2./ 8 : New : : File->New… .
4.3.• New Items 0 Console Wizard 0
OK.
4.4.• Console Wizard [/++] [Console Application], 9; 0 OK. c 1 @8 W 8 0 –
Unit1.cpp, 0 .
5.k W , 0 9 0 ; 18 , 9 0 : File->Save All.-
9
’ – ++ |
© . . |
6.c W W 8 ( ) 0. 0W . 3.3. 0180, 8 H , W 1 , ’ 8 8.
7.• 0 W W CC 0 – 5-6.
8.U1 1 : 0 C++Builder, 1 0, W ; : 1 .
9.0W 0 3-7 !!! . U 1 0 0 – Unit1.cpp,
W :
#include <conio> #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main()
{
freopen("a.in", "r", stdin); int a, b;
cin>>a>>b;
cout<<b<<" "<<a<<endl; return 0;
}
10.U1 H 1 a.in , 0 New Items ( . 4.2.-4.3.)0 Text, ( File->Save As…)a.in, 9 9 Any file. U1 @8 , W 0 0 H 10 a.in 8 1 1 1 .
11.k W 0 ( ; 18 ).
12.k 0 W .
13.1 ; . R ; 0 0 @ , 8 0 0 0: Run -> Run to Cursor F4. c 0 0 H0 @ :: Step Over F8 0 H0 @ :: Trace Into F7. M 18 : Run->Inspect, Run->Evaluate/Modify Ctrl+F7, Run->Add Watch Ctrl+F5.
14.U1 C H @ C: 0 0 ’W ( 1 ’W H 0) 0 F1.
8 1 C Š1.
|
InFile |
Q N K . |
Q L *.in |
i NP Y L |
||
1 |
01a.in |
/ 1 0 1 ; 0 |
5 |
10 |
|
125 |
|
|
@ 1 1. |
|
|
|
|
2 |
01b.in |
/ 1 0 1 ; n4 @ 1 1 . |
2 |
|
|
16 |
3 |
01c.in |
/ 1 0 1 0 0 0 (a+b)/a; ,b – |
1 |
3 |
|
4 |
|
|
@ 1 1 . |
|
|
|
|
4 |
01d.in |
/ 1 0 1 ; 18 |
5 |
6 |
|
5 |
|
|
@ 1 1. |
|
|
|
|
5 |
01e.in |
/ 1 0, W @ @ 1 1 , |
-5 -6 |
-6 -5 |
||
|
|
’W . |
|
|
|
|
6 |
01f.in |
/ 1 0, 0W 0 0 @ 1 1, |
-5 -5 |
-10 |
||
|
|
’W 0 0 1 ; 0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0. |
|
|
|
|
7 |
01g.in |
/ 1 0, 0W @: @ 1 1, |
3 |
2 |
|
1 |
|
|
0 0 1 ; 0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0. |
|
|
|
|
8 |
01h.in |
/ 1 0 1 ; 18 |
3 |
4 |
|
4 |
|
|
@ 1 1. |
|
|
|
|
9 |
01i.in |
/ 1 0, 8 H 0 |
1999 |
|
99 |
|
|
|
0 . |
|
|
|
|
10 |
01j.in |
/ 1 0 1 ; 0 |
0 |
0 |
2 2 |
8 |
|
|
; . |
|
|
|
|
10