I Reading

THE RACE FOR THE SKY

The most revolutionary development in 19th-century architecture — the skyscraper — has sometimes been called the American solution. It was not the invention of any single person. It simply evolved in response to changing circumstances. Cities were growing at an alarming rate. Businesses were becoming big businesses that needed ever larger buildings to house their administrative staffs. New inventions — the telephone, the typewriter, the electric light, and, most important, the elevator — contributed to the efficiency of accommodating more people in larger structures.

The most influential of Chicago architects was Louis H. Sullivan. A restless genius who formulated a highly personal and purely American style. He was a pioneer of the modern movement in his profession and established a secure reputation as one of the most creative minds in the history of American architecture.

If a structure must be tall, it should be made to look tall — a principle that was brilliantly realized in Sullivan's Wainwright Building in St. Louis, considered by some to be America's first successful skyscraper.

Although it no longer seems like a skyscraper, Sullivan's Wainwright Building towered its neighbours in 1891. The buildings that followed grew taller but returned to the older historical style. For example, the Woolworth Building is lavishly Gothic. The depressed economy of the 1930s required a more austere style and also halted the race for the tallest building— a title held by the Chrysler Building very briefly until completion of the Empire State Building, which reigned supreme for the next 40 years.

In the 1940s and 1950s tall buildings became common, but they were usually no more than about 60 stories high.

Technology makes mile-high structures possible, but the advantages are questionable.

Write an annotation translation of the text

II Grammar

1. Mother has given Sue some pocket money. But she is spending it very quickly. So, by the end of the week she ..... all of it.

will have spent

will spend

will be spending

will have been spending

2. Yesterday I did some shopping and ..... .

also I went to the bank

I also went to the bank

I went to the bank also

3. I ___ you are a very attractive person.

like

thinks

seem

think

4. It ___ like you have something on your mind. Do you want to talk about it?

thinks

believes

seems

seem

5 There's no question that they ......... delighted when they see her tomorrow.

(a) have been

(b) will be

(c) had been

(d) will have been

6 The friends couldn`t _____ laughing when they discovered the problem.

assist

help

aid

support

7 The little girl was really afraid of _____ lost in the forest.

having been

getting

having got

8 We _____ get there on time if we _____ the bus.

will not; do not catch

would not; did not catch

will not; does not catch

9.The pupil explained to the teacher that he couldn't come to school that day because he ..... .

was ill

had been ill

is ill

has been ill

10. Tom said that he had been late for work that morning, and he added that he ..... before.

had never been late

was never late

never had been late