English fo MP student book

UNIT 14 – Criminology

B.In sexual assaults, the account of a living victim (…) and link the offender to other crimes." It can give us a window into his personality, his demeanor, his triggers," says Ann W. Burgess, a forensic nurse who has co-authored books and articles with FBI profilers.

C.Did he gain access by striking up a friendly conversation (…)? Was the duration of the rape quick or prolonged? Did the level of aggression escalate in response to the victim's pleas or actions?

D.During a rape, interaction between the offender and victim usually includes a verbal exchange. (…) The rapist may use vulgar and abusive language, or he may fantasize that he's the woman's lover and pay her compliments.

He may also do what is known as “scripting”, meaning he'll tell the victim what he wants her to say.

E.Burgess recalls a rape in which the victim was stabbed, tortured and nearly killed. When it was over, rather than just pull up his pants and leave, the rapist turned his back to the victim before getting dressed. (…)

E. In a case described by Van Zandt, a victim's account provided information that allowed authorities to anticipate the rapist's return. It was evident that the woman's attacker had really enjoyed the experience (…). FBI profilers believed the predator – Maryland's so-called "crossbow rapist" - would come back, and suggested a phone tap. The rapist called, the victim played along and her attacker was picked up, still at the payphone. The rapist's trademark Ninja outfit and the crossbow he used to threaten his victims were found in the trunk of his car at the time of his arrest.

Use the sentences or parts of the sentences to fill the gaps in the texts.

1.… Though his behavior had been very bold during the rape, it was almost modest afterwards.

2.… The tone of that verbal encounter is helpful to investigators.

3.… can shed light on the rapist’s personality

4.… because she’d been so compliant – a response that fed into his fantasy

5.… or break into her home and put a pillow-case over her head

6.… can help authorities classify the type of rapist

VICTIMOLOGY

Criminological subdiscipline concerned with the role of the victim in a criminal instance and in the criminal scenario (procedures, trial, sentencing etc.)

Did you know that the term “victimology” was coined by the Romanian lawyer Benjamin Mendelsohn, in 1947? This was inspired by an article on the topic, written in 1941 by Hans von Hentig, a German Nazi-persecuted scientist, who authored the first textbook in the field – “The Criminal and His Victim” (1948).

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English for Modern Policing

# Exercise 7 Strangeways Prison Riot

This is based on a real incident in 1990 which acted as a “landmark” event in recent British penal history.

Listen to the news broadcast and complete the information

Choose one answer only for each question. Circle the appropriate letter

b)improving slightly

c)worsening

3.The reporter says that prisoners are visible on the roof of

a)the gymnasium

b)the kitchen complex

c)the chapel

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UNIT 14 – Criminology

11.Other complaints of the prisoners about conditions mention

a)no rehabilitation programmes

b)too few educational visits and opportunities

c)too few visits and exercise opportunities

1.Every prisoner has a right to humane and dignified treatment in prison.

2.Every prisoner should be allowed recreation, exercise and appropriate visits.

3.“Overcrowding” is an issue which should not occur in a modern penal system.

4.Prisoners should have elected or selected representatives to uphold their rights.

5.Prison staff should have good training, regular refresher courses, psychological checks and other measures to reduce stress and ensure a balanced approach to their work.

6.In the Strangeways riot, we can assume that the prisoners had complained many times before they actually started rioting.

7.Why were there so many deaths among the prisoners in this riot?

8.Which direction do you think is preferable – the tougher, harder, more physical prison regime for prisoners with emphasis on punishment, atonement for their deeds and “learning the error of their ways” or the more individual approach with opportunities for education, meaningful if limited work, recreation and rehabilitation?

9.At a more basic level, what would realistically be the “ideal prison cell” – consider design, facilities, possessions allowed, obligations of the prisoner etc.

# Exercise 8 Lay Visitors

Use the words given to find out about this particular aspect of the English criminal justice system.

After (1) ____________ street riots in 1981, Lord Justice Scarman produced a report with (2)____________ and recommendations relating to police conduct and (3) ___________ of suspects in custody.

He (4) _______________a system where members of the public from local communities would have the right to visit detainees in police custody. However, it has not been made a legal right and is a process carried out through mutual (5)________________– with the lay visitor, the police and the (6) _________________ all agreeing.

Lay visitors are independent members of the local community who visit police stations

(7) ________________ to check on the (8) __________________ of people who are in police

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English for Modern Policing

custody. They come from a (9) __________________ of backgrounds and sections of the community. They must be over 18 but the (10) _______________ age limit varies from area to area. They must have no direct or indirect (11) _________________ with the criminal justice system, for example, magistrates, former or serving police officers or special constables. Other persons may have to be (12) _________________ because of their direct link to the criminal justice system, for example, solicitors or probation officers. Volunteers apply via an application form, then (13) ______________ an interview. Successful applicants receive further training and share experiences with other lay visitors.

# Exercise 9 What Happens When a Lay Visit is Made?

Complete the sentences with an appropriate verb in a form of the passive.

1.Lay visitors are impartial. They merely look, listen and report on what ____________ to them.

2.On arrival at the police station, lay visitors ______________ to the custody area.

3.Detainees ________________ only by custody number to ensure confidentiality.

4.Interviews _______________ within sight but out of hearing of a police officer.

5.Occasionally, lay visitors _______________ access to a detainee for safety reasons.

6.A report ____________________ for each visit and copies of the report

__________________ for the police, the police authorities and the Home Office.

7.In this way, information _________________ on the environmental and welfare conditions of detainees.

8.All details of what _________________ or heard must ________________ in confidence, but lay visitors ___________________ to report their findings to their local police and community consultative group at an appropriate time.

Some "lay visitor" schemes have been started in Romania.

Discuss the possibilities for their success.

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