Зошит Англ мова СОЗ 3 курс 2 семестр

Word check

Capacity – how much something can hold. Ducts/pipes - channels for carrying cables.

To amplify – to increase the strength of the signal. Signal loss – decrease in the strength of the signal. Repeater – type of amplifier.

Interference – a disturbance to the signal caused by unwanted signals. Crosstalk – a type of interference – sounds of another telephone call on the line.

Activity 12. Work with a partner. Fill the gaps in the text with words from the box in their correct form.

In electronics, an integrated circuit, also known as IC or microchip, is a____________________

electronic circuit consisting mainly of semiconductor devices as well as passive components. These circuits are _____________________ on the surface of a thin substrate of semiconductor material. ICs revolutionized the world of electronics and nowadays appear in almost all

________________equipment. Integrated circuits were made possible by discoveries which showed that semiconductor devices could _______________________ the functions of vacuum tubes. Thanks to technological ______________________ in semiconductor device fabrication in the mid 20th century, large numbers of tiny transistors could be integrated into a small chip. This was an enormous __________________________over the manual assembly of circuits. The fact that reliable integrated circuits could be mass produced using a building-block

________________________ in circuit design resulted in the fast adoption of standardized ICs in place of designs using transistors. The cost of integrated circuits is low because of mass production and because much less material is used. Being small and close together, the components switch quickly and_____________________less power than their discrete counterparts. In 2006, chip areas ranged from a few square millimeters to around 350 mm2, with up to 1 million transistors per mm2.

31

Subordinate clauses are phrases that give answers to questions like Why? What ... for?

Why are impurity atoms added to these materials?

Impurity atoms are added in order to influence electrical properties.

Expressions Introducing Subordinate Clauses

∙in order to/so as to + the infinitive of the verb

The properties of the material were changed in order to/so as to improve performance.

∙so that

The properties of the material were changed so that performance improved.

∙for + noun + to + infinitive

For the metal to melt, higher temperatures must be used.

Activity 12. Rewrite the following sentences, using the expressions in brackets.

1.Scientists planned to make possible the development of integrated circuitry. That's why they introduced semiconductors. (in order to)

______________________________________________________________________

2.The audience stayed in the lecture hall because they wanted to be able to hear the second lecture. (so that)

3.Researchers added impurities, because conductivity had to be optimized. (so as to)

4.Circuit breakers were installed, because one did not want the system to overload. (for ...

to ...)

Home task: _____________________________________________________________________

Заняття 6.

Тема Герундій. Вживання герундія. Телекомунікації

Герундій — єдина дієслівна форма, перед якою може вживатися, прийменник. Тому герундій вживається після дієслів, прикметників і виразів, які вимагають додатка з прийменником:

Thank you for telling me. Дякую, що ви сказали мені.

She couldn’t keep from crying. Вона не могла стриматися, щоб не заплакати. I am fond of reading. Я люблю читати.

32

Герундій або інфінітив вживається після дієслів:

He continued to live with his parents. Він продовжував жити із своїми батьками.

У деяких випадках значення дієслова змінюється залежно від того, чи вжито воно з інфінітивом чи герундієм.

Так, дієслово to stop у сполученні з герундієм означає перестати щось робити, а в сполученні з інфінітивом — зупинитися, щоб щось зробити:

Герундій вживається як безприйменниковий додаток до прикметників like схожий, busy

зайнятий, WORTH вартий:

She was busy translating the article. Вона була зайнята перекладом статті.

Activity 1. Translate into Ukrainian.

1.I understand perfectly your wishing to start the work at once.

2.At last he broke the silence by inviting everybody to walk into the dining room.

3.On being told the news she turned pale.

4.The place is worth visiting.

5.Can you remember having seen the man before?

6.After being corrected by the teacher, the students' papers were returned to them.

Activity 2. Put the verbs in brackets in the right form.

1.Перестаньте розмовляти.

2.Продовжуйте обговорювати цей експеримент.

3.Ви не проти того, щоб відчинити вікно?

4.Ми дістали задоволення від проведення експерименту.

5.Я не могла не погодитися з ним.

6.Вона кинула палити.

7.Директор уникала зустрічі з ним.

34

8. Ми відкладемо обговорення типів цих кабелів.

Activity 3. Make sentences from the notes.

►Tessa / want / buy / a new coat / soon

Tessa wants to buy a new coat soon.

1.we / must / avoid / waste / so much time

2.sometimes / a country / refuse / take part / in the Olympics

3.I / like / see / the Rocky Mountains / some day

4.I / mean / give / Judy / a nice welcome / yesterday

5.I / always / like / see / my doctor / once a year

6.the buses / usually / stop / run / before midnight

7.I / can't face / get up / at five / tomorrow

8.last year / we / make / an agreement / work / together

Sometimes we can use an ing-form after the preposition.

Activity 4. Complete the conversation between Claire and her sister Sophie. Put in the verbs with these prepositions: for, in, like, of, on

Sophie: Where's that little radio of yours?

Claire: Oh, it got broken. Henry knocked it off the table.

Unfortunately he hasn't succeeded (►) in getting (get) it to work again.

35

Sophie: Oh, what a pity.

Claire: It was only a cheap thing. In fact I'd been thinking (1) ___________________ (buy) a new one. But Henry not only apologized (2) ______________________________ (break) it, he insisted (3)___________________ (buy) me a much nicer one. It's in the dining-room.

Sophie: Henry is such a gentleman.

Claire: He didn't really need to buy me a new one, but I didn't feel (4)________________ (argue).

VOCABULARY Practise the following words and word combinations

There are three main methods of electromagnetic signal transmission: wire, radio and optical.

wire transmission amplify

attenuation

coaxial cable

copper wire

metallic-pair circuit

multipair cable

open-wire pair

repeater

restore

retransmit

single-wire line

radio transmission

antenna

dish

electromagnetic wave

microwave

radio wave

receiver

reflected propagation

satellite

surface propagation

transmitter

transponder

optical transmission

fibre optic cable

high bandwidth

interference immunity

laser

lightweight

light-emitting diode (LED)

low attenuation

low cost

wavelength

36

Activity 5. Read and translate the text.

Telecommunications technology transmits information by electromagnetic means over media such as telephone wires or radio waves. The information may be voice, facsimile, data, radio, or television signals. The electronic signals that are transmitted can be either analogue or digital. The advantages of digital transmission are high reliability and low cost. Digital switching systems are much cheaper than analogue systems.

In analogue modulation, the signals are transmitted directly (without converting them to digital form) by amplitude modulation or frequency modulation. For digital transmission the analogue signals must be converted to a digital form. Then the digitized signal is passed through a source encoder, which reduces redundant binary information. After source encoding, the digitized signal is processed in a channel encoder, which introduces redundant information that allows I errors (degradation by noise or distortion) to be detected and corrected. The encoded signal is made suitable for transmission by modulation onto a carrier wave. When a signal reaches its destination, the device on the receiving end converts the electronic signal back into an understandable message - sound on a telephone, images on a television, or words and pictures on a computer.

Activity 6. Match each of the following words with its definition.

37

Telecommunications is the fastest growing segment of technology today. Telecommunications technologists are needed to plan, install and maintain state-of-the-art telephone systems, cable TV and computer networks. Although technologists have knowledge of theoretical topics, they tend to focus on solving practical design and application problems. Training covers a wide range of telecomsrelated topics. Here is the content from one such course:

Part 1: Operating Systems

Part 2: Analogue Communications

Part 3: Telecommunications Fundamentals

Part 4: Telecommunications Fundamentals Lab

Part 5: Digital Electronics

Part 6: Telecommunications Networking

Part 7: Fundamentals of Optical Communications

Part 8: Data Communications Networking

Activity 7. The following words are taken from three modes of transmission: wire, radio and optical. Link each term with the most appropriate mode of transmission.

Wire

Radio

Optical

Activity 8. The following extract is taken from a description for a telecommunications technology course. Complete die text by choosing a suitable word or phrase from the box.

38

Запам’ятайте дієслова і вирази, що вимагають після себе герундія з певними прийменниками.

Activity 1. Translate into Ukrainian.

1.My friend succeeded in translating this difficult text.

2.He gave up the idea of ever hearing from her.

3.We are looking forward to seeing you again.

4.He has always dreamt of visiting other countries.

5.He persisted in trying to solve that difficult problem.

6.They accuse him of having robbed the house.

7.He never agreed to their going on that dangerous voyage.

8.He did not approve of her drinking so much coffee.

Activity 2. Translate into English.

1.Нарешті вони перестали обговорювати це питання.

2.Вона заперечувала, що відправила факс.

3.Відкладімо цю ділову поїздку до наступного тижня.

4.Пробачте, що я загубив вашу ручку.

5.Коли вона закінчить свою промову?

6.Я не заперечую проти того, щоб залишитися вдома і попрацювати над моїм перекладом.

7.Він не може мені пробачити те, що я випадково видалив його файл.

8.Чи не могли б ви дати мені книжку, коли закінчите її читати?

9.Він не міг не думати, що його робітник зробив велику помилку.

40