1. Financial careers

1. Financial analysts work for businesses to help them or their clients make investment decisions. Analysts must have a bachelor's degree, often in business administration, accounting, statistics or finance, analysts with a master's degree in business administration will find themselves among the most desirable employees.

2. Personal financial advisors use their knowledge of investments, tax laws and insurance to recommend financial options that help individuals meet their short- and long-term goals. Advisors with a bachelor's degree in accounting, finance, economics, business mathematics or law will have the best opportunities for jobs in their field.

3. Accountants analyze, plan, evaluate and advise on matters of accounting theory and practice. A bachelor's degree in accounting or a related field is usually required, but those with a master's degree or experience to boot will have better job opportunities.

4. Auditors examine and analyze accounting records and prepare financial reports for clients. Auditors usually need a bachelor's degree, but as with accountants, experience and advanced degrees increase their chances of getting hired.

5. Treasurers direct an organization's financial goals, objectives and budgets. Their duties may include overseeing the investment of funds and executing capital-raising strategies. Employers require a bachelor's degree in accounting, finance, economics or business administration; however, employers increasingly are placing emphasis on advanced degrees in these fields.

2. Money and income (Деньги и доход) Currency  The money used in a country - euros, dollars, yen, etc. - is its currency. Money is notes (banknotes) and coins is called cash. Most money; however, consists of bank deposits: money that people and organizations have in bank accounts. Most of this is on paper - existing in theory only - and only about ten per cent of it exists in the form of cash in the bank.  Personal finance  All the money a person receives or earns as payment is his or her income. This can include:  a salary; overtime; commission; a bonus; fees; social security; a pension, etc. Salaries and wages are often paid after deductions such as social security charges and  pension contributions.  Amounts of money that people have to spend regularly are outgoings. These often include:  living expenses; bills; rent; a mortgage; health insurance; tax, etc. A financial plan, showing how much money a person or organization expects to earn and spend is called a budget.

3. INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE (налоговая служба) The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) is the federal agency responsible for administering and enforcing all internal revenue laws in the United States, except those relating to alcohol, tobacco, firearms, and explosives, which are the responsibility of the alcohol, tobacco,firearms, and explosives bureau's Tax and Trade division. The IRS is the largest agency in the treasury department. By the mid-1990s it had approximately 110,000 employees, 650 office locations in the United States, and 12 offices abroad. The agency processes approximately 205 million tax returns and collects more than $1.2 trillion each year. Duties and Powers The IRS is responsible for enforcing the internal revenue code (U.S.C.A. tit. 26), which codifies all U.S. tax laws. Basic IRS activities include serving and educating taxpayers; determining, assessing, and collecting taxes; investigating individuals and organizations that violate tax laws; determining pension plan qualifications and exempt organization status; and issuing rulings and regulations to supplement the Internal Revenue Code.

4. Risk and benefits of overseas investments (риски и преимущества в зарубежные инвестиции) As with any investment, international opportunities can present risk and unique concerns. Although emerging markets can offer stronger growth opportunities, they are often more volatile than developed markets. You’ll need to look out for the following risks when considering international investments: Political risk. Many parts of the world are undergoing immense changes, including the Middle East, parts of Asia, and Latin America. Some countries within these regions are not only new to capitalism, they are also new to democracy and the rights of workers as well as investors. Information risk. Foreign countries have different views on the flow of news and information. Some nations embrace an open press, while others curb social media such as Twitter and Facebook. If you are investing in a country or region where the dissemination of information is curtailed by a political, military, or cultural leader, you may want to proceed with caution. Currency / liquidity risk. Different parts of the globe experience trouble with their currencies as a result of events investors can’t foresee or control. For example, the well-publicized debt issues of some countries within the Eurozone, such as Portugal, Italy, Ireland, Greece, and Spain, had a negative impact on the value of the euro. Investing overseas requires you to closely follow news and trends from various regions and keep a keen eye on potential currency fluctuations. The percentage of your portfolio you invest internationally will depend on your risk tolerance and your long-term financial plan. An experienced financial professional can help you decide what’s right for you. Major advantages: Turbocharged growth: If you’re invested internationally and the economy sputters in the United States, you still have a chance to enjoy growth overseas. This is especially true with emerging markets stocks. Greater growth in emerging markets translates into the potential for greater returns. Emerging markets stocks can deliver huge returns over time. Diversification: It might seem crazy to load up on stocks of companies you’ve never heard of in countries you can barely find on a map. But the irony is that adding foreign stocks actually reduces your portfolio’s risk. Here’s why: Foreign stocks don’t move in complete lockstep with U.S. stocks. Sometimes when U.S. stocks are falling, foreign stocks don’t fall as much, hold steady, or even rise. You can find out how much foreign exposure is right for you by designing an asset allocation. Nearly all investors should have at least 10 percent exposure to international and emerging markets stocks. Many investors should have even more.