9. Заполните пропуски приставками из приведенных выше та­блиц.

1. ... paid volunteers are ... professional people.

2. Rescue operations include searching for and ... moving trapped occupants of dangerous conditions.

3. Ambulances ... port sick people to hospitals.

4. The ... nationally accepted symbol for first aid is the white cross on a green background.

5. Early... fibrillation is an important part of the chain of sur­vival.

Unit 18

1. Выучите следующие слова и словосочетания:

1. injury — травма

2. bruise — синяк, кровоподтек

3. wound — рана

4. burn — ожог

5. bone fracture — перелом кости

6. joint dislocation — вывих сустава

7. concussion — сотрясение

8. sprain — растяжение связок

2. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на следующие вопросы.

1. What is an injury?

2. What are the most common types of injuries?

3. What injuries are the most serious and dangerous?

Types of Injuries

Injury is damage or harm caused to the structure or function of the body caused by an outside agent or force, which may be physical or chemical. Injury may also refer to injured feelings or reputation rather than injuries to the body. A severe and perhaps life-threat­ening injury is called a physical trauma. The most common types of injuries are the following:

• Bruise, also called a contusion, is a kind of injury to biological tissue in which the capillaries are damaged, allowing blood to seep into the surrounding tissue. It is usually caused bv blunt impact. Bruises often induce pain but are not normally dangerous.

• Wound is a type of physical trauma where the skin is torn, cut or punctured (an open wound), or where blunt force trauma causes a contusion (a closed wound).

• Bum may be an injury caused by heat, cold, electricity, chemicals, friction or radiation (e. g. a sunburn).

• Bone fracture is a medical condition in which a bone breaks. A bone fracture can also occur as a result of certain medical conditions that weaken the bones, such as osteoporosis or certain types of cancer.

• Joint dislocation occurs when bones in a joint become displaced or misaligned. It is often caused by a sudden impact to the joint.

• Concussion, or mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI), is the most common and least serious type of traumatic brain injury. It is usually caused by a blow, without any penetration into the skull or brain.

• Sprain is an injury which occurs to ligaments caused by a sudden overstretching. The ligament is usually only stretched, but if it is completely torn, a longer period of immobilization and surgical repair may be necessary.

• Shock is a serious, often life-threatening medical condition where insufficient blood flow reaches the body tissues. As blood is the body’s carrier of oxygen and nutrients, this leads to a deficiency of these essential inputs to life.

• Amputation is the removal of a body extremity by trauma or surgery. As a surgical measure, it is used to control pain or a disease process in the affected limb, such as malignancy or gangrene.