Екзаменаційний білет № 13

з дисципліни « Іноземна мова за професійним спрямуванням»

5.05040104 Виробництво колъорових металів

1. Перекладіть текст. Hot Working; Cold Working;

When the mechanical working of a metal or alloy takes place above the recrystallization temperature, the process is known as hot working.

In a hot - worked metal or alloy the grains are being continually formed as hot working continues, and the size of the grains depends upon the temperature. The smallest grains are formed when the temperature is just above the recrystallization temperature, and this is usually the best finishing temperature for hot working operations.

Hot rolling and forging are very widely used in the fabrication of metal shapes, and, even when the finishing operation is to be cold working, the preliminary shaping is done by hot working.

The temperature of the metal for hot working depends on the metal or alloy, and there is a best temperature range and a best finishing temperature in each case.

Each metal has a certain critical temperature, known as the recrystallization temperature, and any mechanical deformation performed below the recrystallization temperature is cold working. In practically all cases, cold working means the deformation of a metal at room temperature.

When a metal is cold - worked, it becomes harder and more brittle as the working progress, and the metal is said to be strain - hardened or work - hardened. The grains of a cold - worked metal are distorted and elongated, and the internal structure of the grains becomes disorganized.

Cold - worked copper, for example, is fairly hard and definitely elastic as compared with cast copper which is soft and has no elasticity.

2. Дайте відповіді на питания.

1. What do we call the process of hot working?

2. Where are widely used hot rolling and forging?

3. What does cold working mean?

4. What is the recrystallization temperature?

3. Оберіть вірну відповідь.

1 .Flowers ... in shops and in the streets.

a) sold b) are sold c) were sold d) was sold

2. How long .. .you stay there.

a) do b) did c) have d) were

3. My mother always.. .at half past six in the morning.

a) get up b) getting up c) got up d) gets up

4. There.. .several traditional ways of looking for a job.

a) is b) are c) were d) was

5. Last night he .. .very well.

a) was sleeping b)sleeps c) slept d) is sleeping

6. We.. .to a concert last night.

a) was invited b) invited c) were invited d) invite

Екзаменаційний білет № 14

з дисципліни « Іноземна мова за професійним спрямуванням»

5.05040104 Виробництво колъорових металів

1. Перекладіть текст. Cold Forming of Metals

It is possible to shape most of the commonly used metals and their alloys by cold working at ordinary temperature. Cold working has been used for many years for the shaping and hardening of metals.

Hot working operations are conducted while the metals are in a plastic state. Cold working of metals usually is done at room temperature.

Press working is the most used process. It has made substantial contributions to modern industrial development by making it possible to produce rapidly and economically large number of stamped parts.

Press working is adapted to large - volume production used in the manufacture of automobiles, airplanes, electrical parts and accessories, refrigerators, gas stoves, etc.

Metal cold - forming operations may usually be identified with one or another of the work operations here listed: rolling, drawing, forging, upsetting, coining, sizing, embossing, extruding, spinning, swaging and press operations.

Cold rolling is used extensively to produce a bright and smooth surface finish on steel previously hot rolled.

As a result of being cold rolled, the metal acquires a surface skin which increases the strength and wear resistance inherent in the metal.

Excessive cold rolling causes the metal to become overhead and brittle.