•Germ cell tumors

•Nongerminomatous germ cell tumors (NGGC)

3. Tumor of hypophysis

•Craniopharyngioma

4. Mesenchymal origin

•Meningioma

•Neurofibroma

•Angioma

•Hemangioblastoma

5. Chordoma

6. Congenital aberrations

•Hamartoma

•Teratoma

•Dermoid cysts

•Epidermoid cysts (cholesteatoma)

9.6Clinical Manifestations

Symptoms depending on:

• Location of tumor

•Rate of tumor growth:

–Slow growth: with displacement of normal nervous structures, slow development of symptoms, and large tumors at diagnosis

–Rapid growth is an early symptom even in small tumors

9.6.1Hydrocephalus and Manifestations of High Intracranial Pressure

•Blockade of cerebral fluid circulation by tumor causes hydrocephalus, often in the area of the fourth ventricle (posterior fossa), where more than 50% of brain tumors are located

•Headache:

–Initially: bifrontal or diffuse, depending on position, early in the morning, disappearing after change to the upright position, accompanied by nausea and vomiting

–As headache develops: paroxysmal occurrence due to high intracranial pressure