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19 Oncological Nursing Care

217

 

 

19.2.8Fatigue

Fatigue can manifest itself in many ways, for example, as weakness, exhaustion, drowsiness, or weariness. It is a transient side effect of chemoor radiotherapy. Fatigue may also be a direct consequence of the disease as such. After cessation of treatment, strength gradually returns

When, how long, and how badly side effects occur will differ between individuals and depends on the type of treatment

19.2.8.1Causes

Pressure from tumor and metastases

Unbalanced production of cytokines, pathological collection of metabolites, bone marrow infiltration (anemia)

Chemotherapy as such via hypoplasia of normal tissue

Infection, tumor-associated fever

Inadequate nutrition: deficient in protein and calories or undernourishment

Lack of sleep

Physical exhaustion

Pain

Other drugs, for example, analgesics, antidepressants, neuroleptics, sedatives, cough medicine

Electrolyte deficiency, hypokalemia

Radiotherapy

Fear, nervousness, depression, boredom during hospitalization

Uncertainty, uncertain prognosis, psychological stress caused by workup of disease

Financial and family problems

19.2.8.2 Symptoms

Tiredness, dizziness, headache, weakness, decrease in muscle strength

Every person experiences these symptoms and their sequelae differently. Fatigue for instance is a subjective sensation and is described by those affected as an insurmountable, persistent feeling of exhaustion

The consequences of fatigue are multidimensional and impair the quality of life of patients

19.2.8.3 Prophylactic Care

The child needs to ration activity, not giving up on usual activities, but adapting them to preserve energy (e.g., playgroup, kindergarten, or school attendance), setting priorities, reducing stress

Generating strength by sufficient sleep, vitamin and iron supplementation, relaxation exercises, coping with stress

Drinking sufficient amounts in order to stay well hydrated

Distraction through visiting friends, playing games, but not strenuous hobbies

Exercise in fresh air

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