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Civil protection Lecture 1

Ukraine's legislation and regulations on civil protection and warning system in case of emergencies

 

 

Modern society is characterized by a period of increasingly growing contradictions between man and the surrounding natural environment. As a result of economic development level of anthropogenic loadings on the biosphere is approaching a critical and threatens irreversible consequences for world civilization in general.

An essential condition for sustainable development is the safety of humans and the environment, their protection from harmful man-made, natural, environmental and social factors.

One of the tasks of Civil Protection (CP) is - notification of threat or emergency situations of technogenic and natural character constant informing the public about the current situation.

The main danger of the state of emergency is surprise and spontaneity that provoke negative consequences. For companies with potentially dangerous production processes acute issues associated with the need to prevent panic, caused by the suddenness of what happened, to prepare ourselves and others to the inevitable and possibly very dangerous turn of natural or man-made disaster.

Today, the relevance of population and territories protection from emergency situations (ES), a timely warning and informing the public about the ES due to the enormity of accidents consequences of accidents and natural disasters, prevention and elimination of which requires focusing the entire state, the interaction of different authorities, capabilities in general - the formation and implementation of public policy in this area.

Thus, in the present geopolitical, economic, environmental and military-strategic terms the problems of population and territories protection from emergency situations are very relevant.

In addition, the relevance of Ukraine population and territories protection from emergency situations determined by the need to implement the Law of Ukraine "On Civil Defence of Ukraine."

According to this law: everyone has the right to protect his life and health from the effects of accidents, fires, natural disasters and on-demand guarantees of this right from the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, ministries and other central executive bodies, local administrations , local authorities, management companies, institutions and organizations regardless of ownership and subordination.The state as a guarantor of rights creates a civil defense system, which aims to protect the public from dangerous consequences of accidents and disasters of man-made, ecological, natural and military nature.

General principles of state policy in the field of civil defense (CD) and the protection of population and territories from emergency situations governed by such basic laws and regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, discussed in the manual are: the Law of Ukraine "On protection of population and territories from emergency situations of technogenic and natural character "dated June 8, 2000, the Law of Ukraine" On Civil Defence of Ukraine "dated February 3, 1993, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine resolution № 192 dated 02.15.1999" On approval of the organization notification and emergency communications "; Cabinet Ministers of Ukraine resolution № 1198 dated January 3, 1988 "On a unified state system of prevention and response to emergency situations of technogenic and natural character" and others.

 

 

 

Major legislative and normative documents on civil protection

 

The main laws and regulations on civil protection include the following document.

Laws of Ukraine on civil protection:

"On protection of population and territories from emergency situations of technogenic and natural character" № 1809-14,

"On Civil Defense of Ukraine" № 2974-12,

"On the legal state of emergency" № 1550-14,

"On legal regime of martial law" № 1647-14,

"On the emergency services" № 1281-14,

"On Fire Safety" № 3745-12,

"About objects of ncreased danger " № 2245-14,

"On the legal basis for civil protection" № 1859-IV

"On electronic documents and electronic documents circulation" № 851-IV,

"On the National informatization program" № 74/98-VR;

Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine

- "On approval of the state level emergency response plan" № 1567

- "The concept of creation a unified state system to prevent and respond to accidents, disasters and other emergencies" № 501,

- "On a unified national system of prevention and response to emergency situations of technogenic and natural character" № 1198 from 08.08.1998, № 1198 (amendments 2003)  

- "On Approval of classification Procedure of technogenic and natural character emergency situations by their levels"

- "Regulations on the organization of notification and communication in emergency situations" № 192 from 15.02.1999, the

- "On some issues of information security protection which is provided by the state"

- "On Approval of the Regulations on the procedure for registration, storage and use of documents, files, books and other physical media containing confidential information which is the property of the state."

Ministry of Emergency Situations(MES) order from June 15, 2006 № 288 "On approvial the Rules of  arrangement, operation and maintenance of systems for early detecting the emergencies and warning people in case they arise."

Order of MES of Ukraine from November 3, 2004, № 145, registered by the Ministry of Justice on 14.12.2004, № 1581/10 180 "On Approving the Procedure of establishment and operation of territorial subsystems of unified state system of civil protection" 

DK 019:2010 - "National Classifier of Ukraine Classification of emergency. "Order State Committee of Ukraine for Technical Regulation and Consumer Policy on October 11, 2010 № 457.

The main provisions of the Law of Ukraine "On the CP of Ukraine"

         

Law of Ukraine "On the CD of Ukraine" adopted by the Parliament on 03/02/1993 (amended 03/02/2004 ).

Under Article 11 of the Law of Ukraine "On Civil Defence of Ukraine" in regions, districts, enterprises, institutions and organizations regardless of ownership and subordination created non-military formation of CD in the manner specified by the CMU.

Non-military formations of civil defense - is a part of civil defense forces, which are created in wartime in regions, cities, districts, and also in companies that continue their production activities during the war.

In non-military formations belong squads, teams, groups and units which are designed for rescue and other emergency operations in case of emergencies.   

Today NF constitute the largest number of forces in CD(CP). Therefore, knowledge of their organizational structure, capabilities and usage procedures contributes to the successful execution of their tasks.

Under Article 12 of the Law of Ukraine "On Civil Defense of Ukraine" to ensure CD measures of population and area from the effects of emergency situations(ES) and conducting special work in the ministries, other central executive bodies, local administrations, enterprises, institutions and organizations regardless of ownership and subordination are created specialized services of CD: energy, protection of farm animals and plant engineering, municipal engineering, logistics, medical, notification and communication, fire, trade and catering, technical, transport and others.

Services of CP should be:

- National, created by the ministries and other central bodies of executive power;

- Local, created by local state administrations;

- Object, that created by the heads of enterprises, institutions and organizations regardless of ownership and subordination.

Common tasks for all services defined:

- Measures to ensure the protection of the CD of population and area from the effects of ES and conduction of special operations;

- Planning and ensuring measures and actions of CD forces when state is transferred to martial law in lesion centers, as well as during the evacuation from hazardous areas;

- The establishment and training of non-military formations services of CD, organization of their management, providing them with logistical means;

- Organization and support interaction with other services, relevant authorities and forces military command.

To perform their specific tasks each service, both in peace and in times of war creates a non-military formation: rescue squads, teams, groups, links and other necessary formation depending on their nature.

By national service include: notification and communication, fire protection, protection of farm animals and plants, medical, protection of public order, trucking, energy and blackout, logistics, supply fuel and lubricants (9 services).

When there is an appropriate basis and by the decision of civil defense chief can be created and other civil defense services such as water supply, gas supply, irrigation, water (river, sea) transport, decontamination of areas and facilities (or other names).    

The national and regional services should have a system of services-doublers with appropriate tasks for them.      

Object services are established in consultation with the regional offices of Emergencies and Affairs of Population Protection from the Consequences of Chornobyl Catastrophe relevant decision makers.

Each service in accordance with the specifics of their activity performs unique to it tasks that are displayed in the Statute of service.

Service of notification and communication is created in order to provide authorities of civil defense with communications on peace and war times with the use of national and departmental communication channels, creating and maintaining the readiness of public notification, maintenance means of communication and their rapid recoveries from failure.

It is created on the basis of administrative structures of the State Committee of Communications and Information of Ukraine.

Fire service of civil defense created in order to organize and control the conduction of fire protection prevention measures aimed at improving the fire resistance of cities and other localities and facilities, to ensure constant readiness of forces and means of service, improvement tactics of fighting with mass fires, anti-fire providing of rescue and other emergency operations in lesion centers.

Service to protect farm animals and plants created for the organization and implementation of measures to protect farm animals and plants, livestock and crop production, and sources of water supply for agricultural facilities.

The service should be entrusted with the implementation of veterinary and phytopathological intelligence, veterinary treatment, treatment of animals, and other tasks.

Medical Service of civil defense created in order of medical providing of the population during threat of enemy attack with weapons of mass destruction and other means of attack, but also in areas of catastrophic flooding, areas of natural disasters and major accidents, disasters, providing all types of medical assistance to the affected population.

To fulfill the tasks in peacetime and in war time service creates non-military formation of civil defense. These are - health posts, health wife, first aid detachments, moving anti-epidemic teams, specialized anti-epidemic teams, groups epidemiological intelligence, infectious moving and toxic-therapeutic hospitals, teams and groups of special medical care. In addition, for rendering qualified specialized medical care to affected and inpatient treatment, in countryside area can be deployed medical facilities.      

Service public order of civil defense organization created in order of maintenance of public order in the cities, towns, in lesion centers, crowded places and highways for traffic control, protect public property and personal property of citizens, fight with crime, accounting losses of the population in wartime.

Engineering service of civil defense created for planning and organizing the construction of protective structures and engineering support rescue and other emergency operations in lesions.In peacetime service is involved to elimination of consequences of natural disasters, major accidents. Service is also responsible for the establishment, staffing and the use of combined detachments (teams) of work mechanization.         

Housing and technical service of civil defense created in order to plan and perform organizational and technical measures to improve the sustainability of municipal energy networks, conducting restoration work on utilities and energy networks and facilities.

Force service is emergency team (group) Civil Defense in plumbing (heat), gas and electricity networks, decontamination team and others.     

Transport service established for the purpose of planning and organizing the provision the transportation of construction materials and equipment, means of protection during population evacuation and other problems with transport provision.

Service creates automobiles formation of civil defense: car convoy to transport people, cars columns for cargo, motor units (columns).   

Energy Service is created for planning and organizing the implementation of measures aimed at improving the stability of the power supply system, the organization of urgent repair works on the electricity grids in lesion centers and areas of natural disasters, as well as the provision of electricity in areas of rescue and other emergency operations.The service, moreover, should be assigned organization and control of light-masking measures   

Service of stores and shelters is created in order to organize maintaining protective structures in readiness to receive the of the population, workers and employees enterprises, repair and restoration of these buildings, as well as to monitor the correct operation of them.

Technical service of civil defense designed to support technology that is involved for the purposes of civil defense in good condition and constant readiness to meet the challenges of civil defense, repair and restoration of impersonal damaged equipment and provide repair facilities with spare parts to repair equipment.

Forces and means of services are:    

- Factories and workshops to repair trucking and road-building equipment;               

- Service stations, bases and warehouses of spare parts and maintenance materials;       

- Vehicles for the transportation of spare parts and other technical equipment;     

- Formation of Technical Services (moving damage control team to repair the automobile and engineering machinery, evacuation group).      

Service of logistical support created to ensure civil defense with all kinds of logistical resources, building materials, working tools and special clothing, decontaminating and other materials necessary to perform civil defense tasks.

Service of trading and catering created in order to provision of adequate food to personnel of non-military formations and the population affected or evacuated from areas of emergencies with linens, clothing and footwear items sanitization of people and first aid detachments.

For daily direct management of the service in each of them creates headquarters, which is the main body of the chief and shall:       

- To plan all activities of the service to support it in constant readiness to perform tasks;        

- Develop a plan of civil defense measures by the service;     

- Always know the situation according to the specific of service, continuously extract and summarize the data in a timely manner to analyze them;          

- Prepare relevant proposals to improve the situation in their area;             

              - Implement measures to support interaction;         

              - Monitor the implementation of civil defense measures imposed on the service;           

              - In case of service execution tasks during an emergency exercise continued guidance service;            

              - Carry out planning activities funding for civil defense service and require these funds for the purposes of service.                      

              To ensure segregation of duties designed functional responsibilities, and for direct perpetrators developed corresponding instructions. 

              Planning measures to ensure the service actions is shown in plan of providing services of civil defense measures in the form of textual material, to which in the form of applications developed:           

              - Schedules for all cases involving acts of service to civil defense forces;           

- Alert scheme of service personnel ;          

- The composition of forces and capabilities of civil defense;           

- A possible situation on the territory which is included in zone of the service compliance;           

- Calculation of service logistical means for emergencies;             

- Issues of interaction of service and other necessary applications.            

Plans of services must meet the nature of the tasks of civil defense forces of appropriate level in their actions in the areas of emergencies situations.