Civil protection Lecture 2

Information and Alerts. Warning systems

              Organization of warning systems (WS) shall be organized in accordance with the "Regulation on notification and emergency communications", approved by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine № 192 dated 15.02.1999

In accordance with this notification system of Civil Protection (CP) organized according to the structure of government, the nature and level of emergency, the availability and location of forces that may be involved in emergency response. Alerts organized by the appropriate authority of CP and ES according to the scheme, approved by the head of civil defense of appropriate level.

General principles

Emergency situation (ES) - violation of normal life and activity of people in a specific area, the object in or on water bodies caused by accident, disaster, natural disaster or other dangerous event, epidemics, epizootics, epiphytotics, fire that lead (may) to a large number of casualties, threat to life and health, their loss, significant property damage, as well as to the impossibility of the population living on or object of there business.

Commission for Emergency Situations - Commission on technogenic and ecological safety and emergency situations (TES & ES).

Territorial Authority of Civil Defence and Emergency Situations(hereinafter - the territorial authority CP & ES) - authority (department) for emergency situations.

Alert - bringing signals and messages of the CP

about the threat and emergency situations to the central and local executive bodies, enterprises, institutions, organizations and residents.

Warning system of civil protection (hereinafter - the notification system of CP) ​​- a set of organizational and technical measures, equipment and technical means warning devices, tools and communication channels, designed for timely delivery of signals and information from civil defense to central and local executive government, enterprises, institutions, organizations and residents.

Control Posts (CPs) - a specially equipped facilities (premises) or vehicles equipped with the necessary facilities and life support systems designed to accommodate and ensure the effective operation of government, both in peacetime and in times of crisis.

Potentially dangerous object (PDO) - This is facility where used, processed, stored or transported hazardous radioactive, fire-explosive, chemical and biological agents, hydro-technical and transport facilities, vehicles, and other objects 'objects which pose a real threat of emergencies.

Unified system of CP - a system of management bodies, forces and means of central and local authorities entrusted with the implementation of state policy in CP.

Information and Alerts

One of the main measures to protect the population from emergencies is its timely warning of the danger situation, which arose as a result of its implementation, as well as information about the procedures and rules of conduct in emergency situations.

Information on protection of population and territories from emergency situations of technogenic and natural character includes information on emergency situations that projected or arose from the determination of their classification, distribution limits and consequences, as well as methods and techniques to respond to them.

Central and local executive bodies, executive bodies of councils are required to provide the public through the media rapid and reliable information about the state of population and territories protection from emergency situations of technogenic and natural character, methods and means of protection measures taken to ensure safety.

Notification process includes bringing in a short time signals and messages bodies of CP about the threat and emergency situations to the central and local executive bodies, enterprises, institutions, organizations and residents.

System of alerts and informing in the field of civil protection includes:

rapid bring to the attention of population information about the origin or possible threat of disasters, including through national, regional, local and objects automated centralized notification system;

early development and organizational and technical combination of constantly working local and objective systems of notification and informing the public of special systems of surveillance and control in the areas of possible defeat;

centralized use of communication networks, radio, television and other technical means of information transfer regardless of ownership and subordination in case of emergencies.

Warning systems have state, regional, local and site level.

Managing a warning each level is organized directly by relevant bodies of daily management of civil protection. The decision to use warning system takes the appropriate head of administration (Head of Civil Protection).

Responsibility for the organization and practical implementation of alerts assigned to the heads of executive agencies, local governments, enterprises, institutions and organizations

Therefore, leaders at all levels and every citizen should know the signals of civil defense and be able to properly respond to them.

Depending on the scale of the emergency and forecast data for its development next manager must make notification in two versions:

1. In situations, the consequences of which do not go beyond the object notified regular service (Gas and rescue, fire, medical, etc.), workshops and areas that fall within the zone of destruction.

Alerts carried out by means of Object Alert System, which consists of devices that serves special tones, language siren and light pointers, basic equipment of automatic notification and networks.

2. In situations where the consequences go beyond the object, additionally notified population, neighboring and other objects that fall into the area of injury (primarily child care centers and schools), territorial administration (departments) of emergencies, local authorities .

At the same time involved system of early detection of ES and local warning system in its entirety.

System for early detection of emergency situations and notification of personnel in case of their occurrence consists of various technological sensors, detectors, etc. that control parameters of dangerous equipment and environment and receiving-control instruments.Technological sensors and detectors of indicated systems are installed and used separately from similar sensors of industrial automation.To implement the notification in some cases may be involved messengers.In determining the order and priority of notification in situations that are not listed in the instructions for warning duty dispatcher should act based on the conditions that the time taken to bringing about a threat to the life of the production personnel and the public must always be less than the time required to take measures of protection.

 

Organization of public notification

 

Alerts organized by the Law of Ukraine "On protection of population and territories from emergency situations of technogenic and natural character" (2000) and the Regulation on organization of notification in the ES approved PKMU from 15.02.1992, № 192.

Organization of public notification involves initially for any kind of danger, switching-on of elektrosyren, intermittent sound of which means danger signal "Attention all".

To meet the challenges of notification at all levels of the unified state system of civil protection establish specialized system of centralized notification (SCN).

Warning system at any level is organizational and technical association operational and regular services of the Directorate of Civil Protection, special equipment of control and means of notification and channels (lines) connection providing the transmission of control commands and voice information in emergency situations, and in a particular period.

Centralized notification systems of regional level is the main link of warning system as a whole. It is this level of planning to organize centralized notification. Task SCN regional level are notification of officials and effort at this level of government, forces and local site level and their officials and the population living in the territory covered by this level SCN.

Information sent to governments and officials, is operational, and the population has information on the nature and extent of the threat and the actions in the situation existing.

SCN of regional level should provide both circular and selective switching-on of SCN local and object level. Transmission of signals and voice information carried by communication channels based on their intercept on the transmission of signals and voice information.Interception time is determined by technological characteristics of control equipment on which SCN built and installed the duration of voice messages.

Higher level SCN of regional level shall be established at workplaces operational and regular services of territorial governments at the place of their permanent location and countryside zone.

Elements of complex SCN of middle level installed on local business communications(intercity station, municipal and district assemblies (workshops) connection).

Centralized alert systems of local level (city, rural area) provide a warning officials of the this level and site level controls, as well as the population living in the territory covered by a warning system at this level.