A pair of hairclips

Mary: I’ve lost two small hairclips, Claire. They’re a pair.

Claire: Have you looked carefully everywhere?

Mary: Yes. They’re nowhere here. They just aren’t anywhere!

Claire: Have you looked upstairs?

Mary: (getting impatient) Upstairs! Downstairs! Everywhere! They just aren’t there!

Claire: Hm! Are they square, Mary?

Mary: Yes. Why?

Claire: Well, you’re wearing one of them in your hair!

Mary: Oh! Then where’s the other one?

Claire: It’s over there under the chair.

Mary: Hm!

The consonant sounds /θ/ and /ð/.

I. Listen to the sound / θ / on its own. Look at the mouth diagram to see how to make this consonant sound.

The tip of the tongue moves forward and occupies a position between the upper and lower teeth. The air passes through the narrowing of the air-passage formed between the upper teeth and the tip of the tongue. The soft palate is raised, the vocal cords are not made to vibrate.

II. Listen and repeat.

1. Mouth, thumb, thick, path.

2. Three, thirst, thin, thread, hearth.

3. Thin, three, thanks, sheath.

III. Read these examples of the sound / θ / in initial, medial and final position .

thick	thought	healthy	something	myth	earth
thing	thief	birthday	arithmetic	oath	both
three	theme	anything	faithful	hearth	length
thank	theory	author	cathedral	moth	fourth
think	thaw	truthful	earthquake	breath	cloth

IV. Read the sound / θ / in the words below and compare it with the words on each side.

	/θ/
sick	thick	sick
boat	both	boat
free	three	free

V. Listen to the sounds in contrast and repeat.

• / s/ and / θ /

Mouse – mouth, sum – thumb, sick – thick, sink – think, pass – path.

• / f/ and / θ /

Free – three, first – thirst, fin – thin, Fred – thread, half – hearth.

• /t/ and /θ/

Tin – thin, tree – three, tanks – thanks, sheet – sheath.

VI. Listen to the sound /ð/. Look at the mouth diagram to see how to make this consonant sound.

The English /ð/ is formed like the English /θ/ except that the vocal cords are in vibration, the tongue is less tense and occupies a rather lower position.

VII. Listen and repeat.

4. Than, they, there, those, either.

5. Bathe, clothe, with, breathe, booth, scythe.

VIII. Read these examples of the sound / ð / in initial, medial and final position.

they	them	other	another	with
then	there	weather	within	soothe
than	thus	clothes	leather	breathe
these	though	rather	although	sunbathe

IX. Read the sound / ð / in the words below and compare it with the words on each side.

	/ð/
breed	breathe	breed
den	then	den
van	than	van

X. Listen to the sounds in contrast and repeat.

• / d/ and / ð /

Dan – than, day – they, dare – there, doze – those, Ida – either.

• / z/ and / ð /

Bays – bathe, close – clothe, whizz – with, breeze – breathe, boos – booth, size – scythe.

XI. Listen and repeat. Practise these questions and answers:

What’s this? – This is the zoo.

What are those? – Those are zebras.

What’s that? – That’s a zebu.

What’s this? – This is Z.

What’s that? – That’s zero.

What are these? – These are zips.

Who’s that? – That’s Zack.

XII. Read the following sentences. Mind the right articulation of the sounds / θ / and / ð /.

1. Martha Smith’s an author and an athlete.

2. My father and mother live together with my other brother.

ХIII. Listen to the dialogue (Sound Right 36.2). Intone it. Learn and reproduce it, paying attention to the pronunciation of the sounds / θ / and / ð /.

36.2

- They make my clothes from this special cloth. And they sew them with thick special

cotton. There’s something special about the buttons, too.

- Mm.

- Don’t you think my clothes look rather special?

- To tell you the truth, I think your clothes look rather …

- Yes? Say what you think.

- Well yes, I suppose they do look rather special …

ХІV. Learn the following graphical rules:

Spelling	/θ/	“th” (three), BUT in a few names of places and people, TH is pronounced as /t/ (Thailand, Thomas, Thames)
	/ð/	“th” (then)

ХV. Find Ukrainian equivalents to the proverbs and sayings. Learn them:

1. Birds of feather flock together.

2. When three Thursdays come together.

3. Wealth is nothing without health.

ХVІ. Read the text as fast as you can and learn the following tongue twisters:

• The Throng of Thermometers.

The Throng of Thermometers from The Thuringian Thermometer Folks arrived on Thursday. There were a Thousand Thirty-Three Thick Thermometers, Though, instead of a Thousand Thirty-six Thin Thermometers, which was Three Thermometers fewer Than The Thousand Thirty-six we were expecting, not to mention That They were Thick ones raTher Than Thin ones. We Thoroughly Thought That we had ordered a Thousand Thirty-six, not a Thousand Thirty-Three Thermometers, and asked The Thuringian Thermometer Folk to reship The Thermometers; Thin, not Thick. They apologized for sending only a Thousand Thirty-Three Thermometers raTher Than a Thousand Thirty-six and promised to replace The Thick Thermometers wiTh Thin Thermometers.

• There those thousand thinkers were thinking how did the other three thieves go through.

• Whether the weather be fine or whether the weather be hot,

We’ll weather the weather whatever the weather whether we like it or not.

The consonant sounds /f/, /v/ and /w/.

I. Listen to the sound / f / on its own. Look at the mouth diagram to see how to make this consonant sound.

The lower lip is raised to the upper front teeth and a narrowing of the air-passage is formed between the lower lip and the teeth. The air passes through this narrowing producing audible friction. The front part of the tongue is somewhat lowered, the tongue is slightly retracted from the lower teeth. The soft palate is raised and the air escapes through the mouth cavity. The vocal cords are not made to vibrate.

II. Listen and repeat.

Fin, feel, fail, fine, sniff, half.

III. Read these examples of the sound / f /.

few	fly	knife	afraid
leaf	freeze	stuff	sofa
free	offer	laugh	tough
coffee	selfish	frank	found
photo	gift	effort	safe

IV. Read the sound / f / in the words below and compare it with the words on each side.

	/f/
view	few	view
leave	leaf	leave
three	free	three
copy	coffee	copy

V. Listen to the sound /v/. Look at the mouth diagram to see how to make this consonant sound

The English / v / is formed like the English / f / except that the vocal cords are made to vibrate and the tongue occupies a somewhat lower position.

VI. Listen and repeat.

6. Veal, vine, veil, view, leave, halve.

7. Vet, vest, van, volts, vote, vole.

VII. Read these examples of the sound / v /.

very	vote	wave	verse
vest	voice	twelve	value
vet	River	of	glove
van	wives	have	move
visa	loved	save	drive

VIII. Read the sound / v / in the words below and compare it with the words on each side.

	/v/
ferry	very	ferry
best	vest	best
wet	vet	wet
than	van	than

IX. Listen to the sounds in contrast and repeat.

• / f/ and / v /

Feel – veal, fine – vine, fail – veil, few – view, leaf – leave, half – halve.

• /b/ and / v /

Bet – vet, best – vest, ban – van, bolts – volts, boat – vote, bowl – vole.

X. Listen to the sound / w / on its own. Look at the mouth diagram to see how to make this consonant sound

The lips are more or less protruded and rounded forming a small round or oval-shaped opening through which the air escapes. The tongue is in the back part of the mouth cavity, its tip being retracted from the lower teeth. The back of the tongue is raised towards the soft palate. The vocal cords are in vibration.

XI. Listen and repeat.

We, wheel, west, wet, wine, whale.

XII. Read these examples of the sound / w /.

west	what	awake	between
aware	one	wise	afterwards
would	language	always	reward
win	quick	whisper	forward
wage	square	whim	anyway

XIII. Read the sound / w / in the words below and compare it with the words on each side.

	/w/
vest	west	vest
of air	aware	of air
good	would	good
Gwyn	win	Gwyn

XIV. Listen to the sounds / v / and / w / in contrast and repeat.

V – we, veal – wheel, vest – west, vet – wet, vine – wine, veil – whale.

XV. Read the following sentences. Mind the right articulation of the sounds / f /, /v /and / w /.

3. Frank found four frogs laughing on the floor.

4. Vera drove to Venice in a van.

5. Wendy went away twice a week.

ХVI. Listen to the dialogues (Sound Right 31.1, 32.1). Intone them. Learn and reproduce them, paying attention to the pronunciation of the sounds / f /, /v /and / w /.

31.1

- Where’s the wagon?

- Where’s what wagon?

- The water wagon.

- What water wagon?

- The wagon with the water!

- What water?

- I want water!

- We all want water.

- Well, where’s the water?

- Good question.

32.1

- I love you, Miss Bravington.

- But how can I believe you, Mr Beaver?

- I’ll vault over the balcony, Miss Bravington.

- Vault over the balcony, Mr Beaver?

- It’ll prove my love, Miss Bravington.

- I’ll break your back, Mr Beaver.

ХVIІ. Learn the following graphical rules:

Spelling	/f/	“f” (fell), “ff” (offer), “ph” (photo), “gh” (laugh)
	/v/	“v” (never), “f” (of)
	/w/	“w” (will), “wh” (when), “o” (one, once), “qu” /kw/ (quite)

ХVIІІ. Find Ukrainian equivalents to the proverbs and sayings. Learn them:

1. From the frying-pan into the fire.

2. Fight fire with fire.

3. A fault confessed is half forgotten.

4. When wine is in, wit is out.

5. Where there is a will there is a way.

ХІX. Learn the following tongue twister and read the text as fast as you can: