The vowel sound /3:/.

I. Listen to the sound / 3: / on its own. Look at the mouth diagram to see how to make this long vowel sound.

The tongue is in the middle part of the mouth cavity. It is almost flat and slightly raised. The tip of the tongue is near the lower teeth, the jaw is slightly lowered. The lips are neutral.

II. Listen and repeat.

Shirt, hurts, burn, bird, berg, girl.

III. Read these examples of the sound / 3:/.

shirt	word	girl	berth	earn
were	worst	affirm	journal	expert
burn	bird	fur	journey	confer
heard	birth	burn	early	excursion
hurt	her	learn	murder	further

IV.Read the contrasted sounds. Transcribe the words.

/3:/ /i:/ /3:/ /o:/

term – team burn - born

her – heat turn - torn

firm – feet her - horn

shirt – sheet worse – forth

V. Read the following sentences. Mind the right articulation of the sounds / 3: /.

1. The girl heard the nurse work.

2. It’s the worst journal in the world.

3. I affirm if you learn all words, you become an interpreting expert and earn a lot.

4. Can you confirm early morning’s murder?

5. We were heard talking about journeys and excursions.

VI. Listen to the dialogue (Sound Right 16.2). Intone it. Learn and reproduce it, paying attention to the pronunciation of the sound / 3: /.

16.2

- Sh! There's a burglar behind the curtain!

- Are you certain, Bertha?

- Don’t disturb him! He might hurt us – or worse, he might even murder us!

- But are you perfectly certain it’s a burglar?

- Perfectly. Only a burglar would hide behind a curtain in that way.

- Oh, Bertha – do you remember Percy Turner?

- Sh! Gertrude! We’re not the girls we were thirty years ago, you know.

VII. Learn the following graphical rules:

Vowel / 3: / is represented in spelling by:

1. The letters “e, i, u, y” followed by “r” /third syllable –type/ (term, bird, fur)

2. “ear” + a consonant (earth, heard) BUT: heart, hearth /a: /

3. “wor” (work, word)

4. “our” (journal, journey)

VIII. Find Ukrainian equivalents to the proverbs and sayings. Learn them:

1. Murder will out.

2. It’s an early bird that catches the first worm.

3. First come, first served.

4. Live and learn.

5. As is the workman, so is the work.

The vowel sound /ә /.

1. Listen to the sound / ә /. Look at the mouth diagram to see how to make this short vowel sound.

In pronouncing the English / ә / the position of the tongue and lips resembles that of / 3: /, but the tongue is lower. The lips are neutral.

2. Listen and repeat.

A photograph of Barbara, a glass of water, a pair of binoculars, a photograph of her mother and father, a book about South America.

3. Read these examples of the sound / ә /.

Weak A: away banana woman sugar about aroma collar

Weak E: garden paper under bigger worker agent patent

Weak O: police doctor correct today kingdom seldom ivory

Weak U: support figure August chorus ketchup treasure

Other: “re” litre metre theatre fibre; “ou” colour labour neighbour

4. Read this story aloud. The spelling has been changed to show you when to make the sound / ә /.

Barbәrә spent Satәrday aftәnoon looking әt ә beautiful book әbout South әmericә.

“I want tә go tә South әmericә,” she said tә hәself.

Thә next morning, when Barbәrә woke up it wәs six ә’clock, әnd hә brothәs and sistәs wә still әsleep. Barbәrә looked әt thәm, and closed hәr eyes әgain.

Then she quiәtly got out әf bed әnd started tә pack hә suitcase.

She took sәme comfәtәble clothes out әf thә cupbәd. She packed ә pair әf binoculәs әnd hә sistә’s camәrә. She packed ә photәgraph әf hәself әnd one әf hә mothәr and fathә.

“I mustn’t fәget tә have sәme breakfәst,” she said tә hәself. Bәt then she looked әt thә clock. It wәs ә quartә tә seven.

“I’ll jәst drink ә glass әf watә,” she said.

“ә glass әf watә,” she said.

“Watә,” she said әnd opened hәr eyes.

She wәs still in hә bed, әnd hә brothәs әnd sistәs wә laughing әt hә.

“Tell әs what you wә dreaming әbout,” they said tә hә.

Bәt Barbәrә didn’t answә. She wәs thinking әbout hә wondәful journey tә South әmericә.

5. Read the following sentences. Mind the right articulation of the sounds / ә /.

1. I ate an apple and a banana in a cinema in Canada.

2. Papa bought me a balloon at the circus.

3. Anna has another parasol.

4. She gave me some chocolate when I went away.

5. The pilot jumped from the balloon in a parachute.

6. A buffalo, a zebra and a gorilla escaped from the circus.

7. The famous attorney submitted an appeal.

8. He fell asleep on the sofa.

6. Learn the following graphical rules:

Vowel / ә / is represented in spelling by:

1. The letter “a” in prefixes (about)

2. In suffixes “er, or, ar, our, ous” (teacher, doctor, cellar, neighbour, famous)

3. “a, o, u” when non-accented (sofa, atom, column)