Vowel № 4 //
Graphical Rules;
Vowel № 4 is represented in spelling by:
the letter a in closed syllables (lad, glad, scratch, cramped).
NOTE. A number of three-syllable words with the accented letter a in an open syllable fall under this rule (family, cavity, vanity).
/ in proverbs and sayings:
No living man all things can.
Who chatters to you will chatter of you.
He that hatches matches hatches catches.
Vowel № 5 //
Graphical Rules:
Vowel № 5 is represented in spelling by:
1. the digraph ar (cart, party);
2. the letter a followed by
ss – pass, glass sp – grasp, clasp
st – past, fast ft – after, craft
sk – ask, basket th – path, father
a
followed by lf,
lm
(half, calf, calm, palm);ance, and in words of French origin (France, glance, demand, command) when stressed.
Rare Spelling: aunt, draught, clerk, heart, hearth, bazaar, drama, aria, tomato, banana, garage, moustache, vase.
// in proverbs and savings:
1. He laughs best who laughs last.
2. After a storm comes a calm.
3. Each dog barks in his own yard.
4. Art is long, life is short.
Vowel № 6 //
Graphical Rules:
Vowel № 6 is represented in spelling by:
the letter o in closed stressed syllables (not, office);
the digraph wa (was, want, wasp);
qua (quality, quantity) except quarter.
Rare Spelling: because, cough, knowledge, sausage.
// in proverbs and sayings:
1. Honesty is the best policy.
2. A little pot is soon hot.
Be slow to promise and quick to perform.
Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today.
Vowel № 7 //
Graphical Rules:
Vowel № 7 is represented in spelling by:
1. oor, our, oar (floor, door, your, course, board);
2. . the digraph or third syllable type (port, sort);
3. a followed by ll, l + cons. (all, tall, salt, chalk, wall); 4. ough, augh + t (thought, bought, caught, taught);
5. war (warm, ward).
Irregular readings: our, flour, sour, poor.
// in proverbs and sayings:
It never rains but it pours.
Vowel № 8 //
Graphical Rules:
Vowel № 8 is represented in spelling by:
1. the digraph oo followed by k (book, look, took);
2. the letter u after p, b, f (pull, bull, full).
Irregular Reading: but, bus, butter.
Rare Spelling: could, should, would, wolf, bouquet.
// in proverbs and sayings:
1. A good beginning makes a good ending.
2. A good cook never cooks while looking into a cookery book.
3. Look before you leap.
Vowel № 9 //
Graphical Rules:
Vowel № 9 is represented in spelling by:
the letter u in open syllables (tune, due, puny)
NOTE: It sounds // preceded by l, j, r (June, rule, blue, true);
2. the digraphs eu, ew (neutral, feudal, few, new);
3. ui (suit, fruit, cruise);
4. the digraph ou in words of French origin (group, soup, route, youth, wound, rouge, you).
Rare Spelling: shoe, beauty, queue, who, whom, whose, do, to, two, tomb.
// in proverbs and sayings:
1. No news is good news.
2. Bad news has wings.
3. That’s where the shoe pinches.