The vowel sound / o: / as in “horse”.

• Read the instruction to learn how to make the long sound /o:/.

The back of the tongue is raised still higher towards the soft palate than in pronouncing the English /ס /. The English / o: / is more retracted and close than the English / ס /. The mouth is less open and the lips are more rounded than for / ס /.

• Listen to the target sound and the words and repeat. Look at the mouth diagrams to help you position your lips, tongue and jaw for the target sound. Transcribe the words.

/ o: o: o: /

Spelling variations for the / o: / sound.	Highlighted bold letters are pronounced as / o: /.
or aw au augh al a before l/ll	storm, door, horse, corpulent, sordid, organic awe, law, dawn, lawn, sprawl caustic, Paul, cautious naughty, haughty, daughter walk, talk almost, ball, wall, appalling, although

• Read these words with the sound / o:/. Transcribe them.

Short, bored, war, before, door, salt, walk, bought, wall, Paul, court, daughter, four, call, fort, laundry, thought, draw, ball, cause, quarter, chalk, sport, awful, bore, caught, fault, auto, course, straw.

• Listen to the sentences and repeat. Read each sentence aloud slowly at first, then as if you were telling it to someone in a natural way.

1. George was falling asleep awkwardly in a sprawl.

2. The written laws ought to prevent thoughtless talks.

3. This appalling store was full of all sorts of ordinary shorts.

4. Maud’s daughter Georgina was an awful daughter-in-law.

5. Four hundred and forty-four storks flying home in the storm.

6. Paul called out when he thought he saw his naughty daughter fall in the water.

• Listen and copy the intonation and voice modulation on the CD.

As I was going by Mr. King’s yard,

I saw a man sawing,

And of all the sawyers I ever saw,

I never saw a saw saw like that saw sawed.

• Practice reading the tongue twisters as quickly as you can. Be careful not to mispronounce the target sound.

1. I thought a thought. But the thought I thought wasn't the thought I thought I thought. If the thought I thought I thought had been the thought I thought,

I wouldn't have thought so much.

2. I saw a saw that could out saw any other saw I ever saw.

3. If a white chalk chalks on a black blackboard,

Will a black chalk chalk on a white blackboard?

• Listen to the dialogues. Intone them. Learn and reproduce, paying attention to the pronunciation of the sound / o: /, intonation and tempo.

Dialogue 1

- So, this is your small daughter.

- I’m called Paula. And I’m not small, I’m tall.

- Can you walk?

- Of course – I can walk and walk. And I’m never naughty!

- Well, look, Paula – I’ve brought you a small present. It’s a lovely ball.

- And I’ve got four balls already.

Dialogue 2

- What've Hawkins, Ball, Porter and Hall been doing, Corporal?

- Brawling again, sir. Here’s the report.

- More brawling? All four? They’re always brawling, Corporal

- Always, sir.

- Call them in.

- Hawkins! Ball! Porter! Hall! Fall in!

- They’re always brawling. Hm! Now, you four – what was this brawl about? Mm?75

The vowel sound / ס / as in “box”.

• Read the instruction to learn how to make the short sound / ס/.

The blade of the tongue is retracted. The back of the tongue is only slightly raised. The lips are rounded.

The jaw is lowered. / ס /.

• Listen to the target sound and the words and repeat. Look at the mouth diagrams to help you position your lips, tongue and jaw for the target sound. Transcribe the words.

/ ס ס ס /

Spelling variations for the / ס / sound.	Highlighted bold letters are pronounced as / ס /.
o a	fond, lock, stop, gone, odd, sorry, wrong, often, clock, knock, obvious, promise, doctor want, was, wander, wallet, wallow, wash, watch, warrior, waffle, squat, quantity

• Read these words with the sound / ס /. Transcribe them.

Want, rob, doll, sausage, stop, lock, rock, dog, what, wash, got, gone, dock, quality, quarrel, fond, God, lot, because, quantity, wrong, got, hot, spot, watch.

• Listen to the sentences and repeat. Read each sentence aloud slowly at first, then as if you were telling it to someone in a natural way.

1. A lot of odd documents in strong boxes are locked in the office.

2. Can I wash my cotton socks in the long pond?

3. The doctor promised to watch Tommy’s cough and after four days the cough had stopped.

4. Sorry, I’ve forgotten my wallet in the shop.

5. The conversation in the office was moderated when the boss, Mr. Oxford, came in.

6. Roger and Robin often spend their holidays in Scotland in October.

• Listen and copy the intonation and voice modulation on the CD.

All I want is a proper cup of coffee,

Made in a proper copper coffee pot.

Tin or iron coffee pots,

They’re no use to me.

If I can’t have a

Proper cup of coffee

In a proper copper coffee pot

I’ll have a cup of tea.

• Listen to the tongue twister. Learn it by heart. Practice saying it as quickly as you can. Be careful not to mispronounce the target sound.

When a doctor doctors a doctor,

Does the doctor doing the doctoring

Doctor as the doctor being doctored

Wants to be doctored

Or does the doctor doing the doctoring

Doctor as he wants to doctor?

• Listen to the dialogues. Intone them. Learn and reproduce, paying attention to the pronunciation of the sound / ס/, intonation and tempo.

Dialogue 3

- What does that model cost?

- This modern model?

- What does it cost?

- Oh, not a lot.

- Mm.

- What have you got?

- Er… not a lot.

- Mm.

Dialogue 4

- A frog! Look! A frog on a log!

- It’s hopped off. Got it.

- No, John, stop it! Let it hop to the pond.

- Come on then… Froggy! Hop! Hop! Hop to the pond! Hop! … Plop!1975

• Practice reading the dialogues. Be careful not to mispronounce the target sound.

Dialogue 1 Mr Knott and Mr Watt on the Phone

• Hello?

• Who's calling?

• Watt.

• What's your name?

• Watt's my name.

• Yes, what is your name?

• My name is John Watt.

• John what?

• Yes.

Dialogue 2

• ... I'll call on you this afternoon.

• All right, are you Jones?

• No, I'm Knott.

• Will you tell me your name, then?

• Will Knott.

• Why not?

• My name is Knott.

• Not what?

• Not Watt. Knott.

• What?

• Listen to the words with sounds / o:/ and / ס/ in contrast and repeat. Look at the mouth diagrams to help you position your lips.

/o:/	/ ס/	/o:/	/ ס/
daughter lawn law morning glorious bore door	doll lofty lobster mock glossy boss dog	portion gorgeous stalk naughty quarter ought walk	polish gone stock notch quality office what

• Listen to the sentences and repeat. Read each sentence aloud slowly at first, then as if you were telling it to someone in a natural way. Mind the highlighted letters.

1. I have a lot of long and short shirts.

2. I have bought these awesome chocolates from the store at the top of Chekhov Street in Dorking.

3. Tom’s naughty daughter ate all the lobsters and strawberries.

4. There was a glorious picture of Almighty God on the wall in the cottage.

5. Maud’s mind was caught with horrible daunting thoughts.

6. What a gorgeous golf course! Top notch!

7. It doesn’t bore Tom to walk his dog in the glorious autumn morning.

• Read the following sentences. Mind the right articulation of the sounds / o: / and / ס/.

2. Laura’s daughter bought a horse and called it Laura.

3. It’s wrong to lock a dog.

4. He got wrong quality sausage and quarreled because of that.

5. Do not walk on the lawn.

6. The shawl is in the automobile.

7. Can you draw a horse?

8. The ball has fallen over the wall.

9. When it is warm in autumn I often sit in the orchard.

10. Paul’s audience applauded warmly.

11. I thought Shaw was the author.

************************************************

4. Listen to the dialogue (Sound Right 26.1). Intone it. Learn and reproduce it, paying attention to the pronunciation of the sounds / o: / and / ס /.

4. Learn the following graphical rules:

• Vowel / o: / is represented in spelling by:

1. “oor”, “our”, “oar” (door, your, board)

2. “or” /third syllable-type/ (port)

3. “a” followed by “ll” or “l” + consonant (all, salt, talk)

4. “au”, “aw” (autumn, law)

5. “ough”, “augh” + “t” (ought, thought, taught)

6. “war” (war, warm), “quar” (quarter)

Irregular Readings: our, flour, sour, poor

• Vowel / ס / is represented in spelling by:

1. The letter “o” in closed stressed syllables (not)

2. The digraph “wa” (was), EXCEPT: water /o: /, “wha” (what)

3. “qua” (quality), EXCEPT: quarter, quarrel /kwo:/

Rare Spellings: because, sausage, cough, knowledge

4. Find Ukrainian equivalents to the proverbs and sayings. Learn them:

/ o: /

23. All for one and one for all.

24. It never rains but it pours.

25. Trust me not all or all in all.

26. All roses have thorns.

/ ס /

1. Honesty is the best policy.

2. A little pot is soon hot.

3. Be slow to promise and quick to perform.

4. Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today.