- •Теоретичні основи англійської мови
- •1. Фонетика як наука та її галузі. Фонетика і фонологія (Phonetics as a science and its branches. Phonetics and phonology)
- •2. Використання мови в усній вербальній комунікації (Language use in oral verbal communication)
- •3. Вимова як один із шляхів матеріалізації усної форми мови (Pronunciation as a way of materializing of oral form of language)
- •4. Просодія як один із найважливіших явищ в англійській мові (Prosody as one of the most important phenomena in the English language)
- •5. Порівняльна характеристика одиниць мови та мовлення (Units of language vs. Speech)
- •6. Головні варіанти вимови англійської мови (Major accents of English)
- •7. Класифікація голосних в англійській мові за артикуляцією (The articulatory classification of the English vowels)
- •8. Класифікація приголосних в англійській мові за артикуляцією (The articulatory classification of the English consonants)
- •9. Асиміляція як універсальна характерна ознака розмовної мови. Типи асиміляції (Assimilation as a universal feature of spoken language. Types of assimilation)
- •10. Склад як невід’ємна частина слова (The syllable as an integral part of the word).
- •11. Типи складів в англійській мові (Types of the syllables in English)
- •12. Природа словесного наголосу в англійській мові (The nature of English word stress)
- •13. Типи словесного наголосу в англійській мові (Types of English word stress)
- •14. Функції словесного наголосу в англійській мові (English word stress functions)
- •15. Граматична категорія числа в системі англійської мови (The category of number in the system of the English language)
- •16. The problem of gender in English
- •17. Case as the grammatical category
- •18. Basic semantic types of the Genitive case in the English language
- •19. Tense and aspect as grammatical categories of the English verb
- •20. Voice in the system of the English verb
- •21. The classification of the simple sentences in English
- •22. Compound sentence and types of coordination
- •23. Complex sentence as a polypredicative construction
- •24. Onomatopoeia as one of the phonetic expressive means
- •25. The synonymous phenomenon in the English language
- •26. The traditional classification of homonyms in English
- •27. Abbreviation as one of the means of word formation in English
- •28. Contraction as one of the ways of shortening
- •29. Conversion as one of the means of affixless derivation
- •30. Явище алітерації та асонансу в англійській мові (The phenomenon of alliteration and assonance in English)
29. Conversion as one of the means of affixless derivation
Conversion is a special type of affixless derivation where a newly-formed word acquires a paradigm and syntactic functions different from those of the original word (by conversion we mean derivation of a new word from the stem of a different part of speech without the adding of any formatives).
As a result the two words are homonymous, having the same morphological structure and belonging to different parts of speech.
As a matter of fact, all parts of speech can be drawn into the word-building process of conversion to a certain extent. Its derivational patterns are varied, the most widespread among them being N → V, V → N, A → V. For example: N → V: a face – to face, a walk – to walk, a tube – to tube, a pen – to pen. V → N: to make – a make, to bite – a bite, to smoke – a smoke, to talk – a talk. A → V: narrow – to narrow, empty – to empty.
30. Явище алітерації та асонансу в англійській мові (The phenomenon of alliteration and assonance in English)
Alliteration is a phonetic stylistic device, which aims at imparting a melodic effect to the utterance. The essence of this device lies in the stylistically motivated repetition of similar sounds, in particular consonant sounds. The repeated sound is often met at the beginning of words: She sells sea shells on the sea shore. Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled pepper. Alliteration is often used in children’s rhymes, because it emphasizes rhythm and makes memorizing easier.
The same effect is used in advertising, so that slogans will stick in people’s minds: Snap, crackle and pop. Alliteration in the English language is deeply rooted in the traditions of English folklore. The laws of phonetic arrangement in Anglo-Saxon poetry differed greatly from those of present-day English poetry. One can notice that it is used much more in poetry than in prose. It is often used as a well-tested means in emotive prose, in newspaper headlines, in titles of books, in proverbs and sayings, set expressions, etc. For example: Tit for tat; Blind as bat; etc.
Assonance is a stylistically motivated repetition of stressed vowels. The repeated sounds stand close together to create a euphonious effect and rhyme: The rain in Spain falls mainly on the plain.
Just like alliteration, assonance makes texts easy to memorize. It is also popular in advertising for the same reason. Assonance is seldom met as an independent stylistic device. It is usually combined with alliteration, rhyming, and other devices.